Tax Guide for Small Businesses 20 20 /2
How to determine net profit or loss of a business
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LAPD-Gen-G09-Tax-Guide-for-Small-Businesses
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- Comparative profit or loss statements (see 3.2.11
3.2.10 How to determine net profit or loss of a business
To prepare an income tax return, a taxpayer will need to understand the basic steps in determining the profit or loss of a business. A profit or loss is determined as follows: Income − Expenses = Profit (Loss) The diagram, Comparative profit or loss statements (see 3.2.11), explains the determination of a net profit or loss and the distribution of income for the different types of business entities. The following key concepts are explained: • Gross sales or turnover Gross sales is the total amount in cash or otherwise received by or accrued to a business. Example: “ABC Furniture Store sold R6 000 000 worth of furniture of which R1 000 000 was received in cash and R5 000 000 was on credit. ABC Furniture Store had gross sales of R6 000 000”. • Cost of sales Cost of sales is the cost to a business to buy or produce the product that is sold to the consumer. To determine cost of sales the cost of goods bought or produced during the year of assessment must be added to the cost of stock on hand at the beginning of the year of assessment. From this total the cost of stock on hand at the end of the year of assessment is subtracted. In this example, ABC Furniture Store had R800 000 worth of furniture in store at the beginning of the year of assessment. During the year of assessment R3 000 000 worth of furniture was bought from a manufacturer. At the end of the year of assessment the store had R500 000 worth of furniture. The cost of goods sold for the year of assessment would be: Opening stock + Purchases − Closing stock = Cost of sales R800 000 + R3 000 000 − R500 000 = R3 300 000 15 External Guide: Guide for Employers in respect of Employees’ Tax (2021 Tax Year) (PAYE-GEN- 01-G15). 16 See the published External Annexures setting out the tax deduction tables for the 2021 tax year: Weekly (PAYE-GEN-01-G01-A01); Fortnightly (PAYE-GEN-01-G02-A02); Monthly (PAYE-GEN- 01-G01-A03); Annual (PAYE-GEN-01-G01-A04); and Other. Tax Guide for Small Businesses (2020/2021) 13 • Gross profit Gross profit equals gross sales less the cost of sales. In this example, ABC Furniture Store had gross sales of R6 000 000. The cost of sales was R3 300 000. The gross profit is R6 000 000 − R3 300 00 = R2 700 000. • Business expenses Business expenses, also referred to as operating expenses, are expenses incurred in the operation of a business. ABC Furniture Store expended R1 300 000 on items such as rent, wages, telephone, electricity, stationery, travelling and other business expenses. • Net profit or loss Net profit is the amount by which the gross profit exceeds the business expenses. Net loss is the amount by which the business expenses exceed the gross profit. In this example, ABC Furniture Store had a gross profit of R2 700 000 and business expenses of R1 300 000, leaving ABC Furniture Store with a net profit of R1 400 000. In the case of a business providing a service, that is, no physical goods are kept or sold, the procedure to determine business profit or loss is the same as mentioned above with the exception of cost of sales. A business that provides a service only will generally not have to calculate cost of sales. Business expenses will be deducted from the gross turnover to determine net profit or net loss. |
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