Technology of storage and primary processing of agricultural products

The content of the work. The predominance of one dominant gene in a genotype over a non-allelic second dominant gene is called the epistasis effect of genes . 
If we express the phenomenon of predominance of allelic genes by the formula A> a , we can write the phenomenon of epistasis by the formula A> B. In doing so, one gene prevents the emergence of a second dominant gene . The non- allelic (dominant) gene that prevents the emergence of the second gene is called the epistatic gene , and the defeated gene is called the hypostatic gene . Epistasis of genes under the influence of a gene under the control of the enzyme, the second gene to be caused dressing enzymes to decompose. This phenomenon was identified in an experiment in crossbreeding of black and gray grain oats plants with two dominant genes .
In the oat plant, the black A of the grain, the gene that produces the gray mark , is B. In confusion, the genotype of the parental forms can be written as follows. black (AAvv), gray (aaVV). Table 8
The resulting F ₁ hybrids have the dominant gene AaVv 2 - A (black) and V (gray). Because gene A is epistatic relative to gene B, the F ₁ hybrid is black-grained. 
This confusion can be written as follows
Black Grain Gray Grain
AAvv x aaVV
gametes Av aV
F ₁ AaVv black
F ₁ plants are all black grained because A> V.
If we pollinate F ₁ hybrid plants by ourselves , an F ₂ hybrid is formed.
AaBb x AaBb
gametes AB, Ab, aB, ab AB, Ab , aB, ab

Ota	Mother gametes
Gametes	AV	Av	aV	Av
AV	AAVV	AAVv	AaVV	AaVv
Av	AAVv	AAvv	AaVv	Aavv
aV	AaVV	AaVv	aaVV	aaVv
av	AaVv	Aavv	aaVv	Aavv

The addition of these gametes (in fertilization) produces 16 genotypes of the F ₂ hybrid . They are formed by black grains with 12/16 part A gene : 1AAVV, 2AaVV, 2AAVv, 4AaVv, 1AAvv, 2Aavv, 3/16 part with only V gene, yellow grain, 1aaVV, 2aaBv, and 1/16 part with new recessive gene combination , 1aavv forms white grains.
The phenotypic separation ratio of the F ₂ hybrid is 12: 3: 1.