(indirect speech) mavjud boʻlib, soʻzlashuv va yozma nuqtda juda koʻp qoʻllaniladi.
Koʻchirma gap - bu muallifning nutqini hech qanday oʻzgarishsiz, oʻz holicha yetkazadigan gapdir.
Oʻzlashtirma gap - bu muallifning nutqini zamonga va shaxsga moslashtirib boshqa birovga yetkazadigan
gapdir. Misol uchun quyidagi gapni koʻrib chiqamiz:
Tom said 'I am tired'. (Tom said - muallif gapi, 'I am tired' -koʻchirma gap, Tomning aytgan gapi hech
qanday oʻzgarishsiz berilgan.)
Tom said that he was tired. ((Tom said - muallif gapi, 'he was tired' - oʻzlashtirma gap, Tomning
aytgan gapi zamonga va shaxsga qarab moshlashtirilgan)
Umumiy qoidaga koʻra, koʻchirma gapni oʻzlashtirma gapga aylashtirish uchun koʻchirma gapdagi zamon
bir zamon orqaga suriladi, shaxs, olmosh va boshqa payt ravishlari oʻzgartiriladi.
Zamonlarning oʻzgarish tartibini koʻrib chiqamiz :
Present Simple Tense
Past Simple Tense
He said 'My mother is a lawyer'
He said that his mother was a lawyer.
He said 'I don't like coffee'
He said that he didn't like coffee.
Present Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense
He said 'I am having my hair cut today'
He said that he was having his hair cut that day.
Past Simple Tense
Past Perfect Simple Tense
He said 'I started out as a teacher'
He said that he had started out as a teacher.
Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said 'I was having a bath at five oʻclock
yesterday'
He said that he had been having a bath at five oʻclock
the day before.
Present Perfect Simple Tense
Past Perfect Simple Tense
He said 'I have passed my driving test.'
He said that he had passed his driving test.
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