The biogas dilemma: An analysis on the social approval of large new plants
The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the
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The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the
Department of Finance. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Waste Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/wasman https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.07.026 Received 8 February 2021; Received in revised form 2 July 2021; Accepted 10 July 2021 Waste Management 133 (2021) 10–18 11 particular the energy-CE links, taking into consideration also those links to the bioeconomy that can be relevant for the energy-CE link. The report presents concepts and evidence around the circular economy and energy relationships, touching on policy mixes, innovation and business models, as well as market and social dimensions The report of FEEM provides, among the others, two key messages relevant for this work. First, “The CE can save large amounts of energy in ‘closing the material loops’ (recycling), but the net effects of business models in the ‘slowing down’ and ‘narrowing’ resource loops (e.g. sharing economy) can be uncertain depending on technologies or systemic effects. Energy pro- duction within the CE loops is still much based on virgin biomaterials, which can have more values in innovative non-energy uses (e.g. green chemistry), while the energy production from waste arising from ‘closing the loops’ is limited” (p.7. - Zoboli et al., 2020 ). Second, “Before the Europen Green Deal (EGD), there is a weak integration between energy and the CE in the EU legislation. The definition of CE criteria for funding businesses at the official EU level suffers for a ‘material circularity’ bias, which given little attention to energy production from CE loops. However, CE and energy are increasingly connected within the EGD” (p. 4. - Zoboli et al., 2020 ). Thus, this paper attempts to provide a specific element of conceptual and empirical reasoning with respect to the circularity-energy rela- tionship to help decision making along the sustainability transition and to better define more energy saving policies by increasing the degree of acceptability of biogas energy production processes that are typically lower with respect to other green technologies. Following a Nexus approach, circular, low carbon and Bioeconomy trajectories are integrated, as shown in Figure 1 . Renewable energies and circular Bioeconomy connections are rele- vant in terms of the innovation and policy integration realms. “In the present setting of EU policies, and national/regional/local policies, the CE, decarbonisation, and the bioeconomy are largely seen as specific strategies/ policies with their own main scopes, targets and objectives, and instruments. While the connections between the three areas ( Fig. 1 ) are often recognised and cross-referenced, and sometimes emphasised in the case of the links be- tween CE and decarbonisation, this is done as a collateral link of each policy area taken separately, and it is not considered as reciprocally conditional on the design an implementation of each policy. This may be source of ineffec- tiveness and inefficiency in that synerigies (…) An immediate link between CE and decarbonisation is provided by the contribution of waste to energy pro- duction, even in the framework of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) pol- icies”. ( Zoboli et al., 2019 – pages 104 and 105). Thus, Zoboli et al. (2019) do not scale down the topic, on a simply policy action and this is neither the intention of this paper: the topic of CE is more complex for the many interlinks mentioned. Korhonen et al. (2018) assert that literature on CE, is still superficial and lacks crticial analysis, in so doing, authors identify six challenges and limits that research community has to face. This work treats, among others, the fifth one “Intra-organizational vs. inter-organization Strategies and Management”. Korhonen et al. (2018) identify as a challenge in CE the physical flows of material and energy extracted from nature through many different interdependent parts lead by the usual production- consumption system. New business models has to entail an inter- organizational sustainability management requiring a cooperation be- tween supplier firm and customer firm creating industrial ecosystems, industrial symbioses and industrial recycling networks. This is the case of Arborea biomas plant project that plan a consortium of agricultural enterprises of the area providing manure and sewage for the new plant. Moreover, the existency of the consortium with production network of the flow of waste (input for the biomass plants), creates incetives for the operators to minimize negative externalities. Benjamin and Wagner (2006) demonstrated empirically the inefficiency of US legislation on low-level radioactive waste management. (LLRW), one of many reasons of these was that the process of waste tratement causes opposition of community. The authors demonstrate that operators incentives has not been sufficient to overcome opposition to their siting, and a costly technology could avoid the opposition. In the both of projects are planning in the area of the surveys, biomass technology entails all the desirable aspects for a biomass plant in term of externalities reduction. According to the technology planned, reactor is covered with a gas Download 0.92 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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