The Common European Framework in its political and educational context What is the Common European Framework?


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CEFR EN

Comprehension tasks may be designed so that the same input may be available to all
learners but different outcomes may be envisaged quantitatively (amount of information
required) or qualitatively (standard of performance expected). Alternatively, the input
text may contain differing amounts of information or degrees of cognitive and/or organ-
isational complexity, or different amounts of support (visuals, key words, prompts,
charts, diagrams, etc.) may be made available to help learners. Input may be chosen for
its relevance to the learner (motivation) or for reasons extrinsic to the learner. A text may
be listened to or read as often as necessary or limits may be imposed. The type of response
required can be quite simple (raise your hand) or demanding (create a new text). In the
case of interaction and production tasks, performance conditions can be manipulated in
order to make a task more or less demanding, for example by varying: the amount of time
allowed for planning and for realisation; the duration of the interaction or production;
the degree of (un)predictability, amount and kind of support provided, etc. 
7.2.3
Strategies
Task performance is a complex process, therefore, involving the strategic interplay of a
range of learner competences and task-related factors. In responding to the demands of a
task the language user or learner activates those general and communicative strategies
which are most efficient for accomplishing the particular task. The user or learner natu-
rally adapts, adjusts and filters task inputs, goals, conditions and constraints to fit his or
her own resources, purposes and (in a language learning context) particular learning style. 
In carrying out a communication task, an individual selects, balances, activates and
co-ordinates the appropriate components of those competences necessary for task plan-
ning, execution, monitoring/evaluation, and (where necessary) repair, with a view to the
effective achievement of his or her intended communicative purpose. Strategies (general
and communicative) provide a vital link between the different competences that the
learner has (innate or acquired) and successful task completion (see sections 4.4 and 4.5).

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