The Common European Framework in its political and educational context What is the Common European Framework?
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Comprehension tasks may be designed so that the same input may be available to all
learners but different outcomes may be envisaged quantitatively (amount of information required) or qualitatively (standard of performance expected). Alternatively, the input text may contain differing amounts of information or degrees of cognitive and/or organ- isational complexity, or different amounts of support (visuals, key words, prompts, charts, diagrams, etc.) may be made available to help learners. Input may be chosen for its relevance to the learner (motivation) or for reasons extrinsic to the learner. A text may be listened to or read as often as necessary or limits may be imposed. The type of response required can be quite simple (raise your hand) or demanding (create a new text). In the case of interaction and production tasks, performance conditions can be manipulated in order to make a task more or less demanding, for example by varying: the amount of time allowed for planning and for realisation; the duration of the interaction or production; the degree of (un)predictability, amount and kind of support provided, etc. 7.2.3 Strategies Task performance is a complex process, therefore, involving the strategic interplay of a range of learner competences and task-related factors. In responding to the demands of a task the language user or learner activates those general and communicative strategies which are most efficient for accomplishing the particular task. The user or learner natu- rally adapts, adjusts and filters task inputs, goals, conditions and constraints to fit his or her own resources, purposes and (in a language learning context) particular learning style. In carrying out a communication task, an individual selects, balances, activates and co-ordinates the appropriate components of those competences necessary for task plan- ning, execution, monitoring/evaluation, and (where necessary) repair, with a view to the effective achievement of his or her intended communicative purpose. Strategies (general and communicative) provide a vital link between the different competences that the learner has (innate or acquired) and successful task completion (see sections 4.4 and 4.5). Download 5.68 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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