The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism
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The Failures of Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism (Jason Rosenhouse) (z-lib.org)
Theorem 14: Any entity, to be accepted as information,
must entail semantics; it must be meaningful. (Gitt 2001, 69–70) For completeness, I will mention that Gitt’s final two levels are “pragmatics,” meaning roughly the effect the information produces in the recipient, and “apobetics,” meaning roughly the intent of the sender in formulating the information in the first place. Gitt goes on for many pages about these five levels, pausing occasionally to lay out his theorems. He eventually builds up to his promised definition of “information”: The domain A of definition of information includes only systems which encode and represent an abstract description of some object or idea …. This definition is valid in the case of the given examples (book, newspaper, computer programs, DNA molecule, or hieroglyphics), which means that these lie inside the described domain. When a reality is observed directly, this substitutionary and abstract function is absent, and examples like a star, a house, a tree, or a snowflake do not belong to our definition of information …. The proposed theorems are as valid as natural laws inside the domain we have just defined. (Gitt 2001, 85) Later in the book he presents his grand conclusion: “In the light of the information theorems all materialistic evolution models are useless and are thus rejected.” (Gitt 2001, 136). This last was presented in bold-face type. 182 6 information and combinatorial search As is clear even from the few quotations I have presented, Gitt’s presentation is full of the swagger and bravado typical of creationist discourse. However, it is hard to discern an actual argument in his writing. Though he asserts, vigorously, that information can only come from an intelligent source, he presents no argument for that conclusion. A mathematician reading his book would marvel at its unusual structure. “Theorems” are generally understood to be precise state- ments of logical equivalence. That is, they assert that certain assump- tions imply certain conclusions as a matter of logic. As we discussed in Section 3.2, in real mathematics, the thing that appears next after the statement of a theorem is a careful, deductive proof establishing its correctness. Gitt’s theorems are not of that sort. For him, a theorem is just an assertion he believes to be correct, and he seems to have little interest in expressing himself with careful, precise prose. He could have presented his beliefs simply as a series of bullet points. Calling them theorems is just a cynical way of aping mathematical language without having to do the hard work of mathematical analysis. Moreover, in real mathematics, definitions precede theorems. You must first have a precise understanding of what the objects are before you can prove theorems about them. Presenting a series of theorems from which a definition is supposed to emerge is just weird. Upon finally arriving at Gitt’s definition, a mathematician is likely to feel cheated. We were promised a definition of “information,” but we get instead only a vague account of the domain in which the concept of information is claimed to apply. At no point in his book does Gitt answer questions about how he proposes to measure information content, which is a serious omission considering his frequent assertions that evolution cannot increase information. Shorn of any pretense of mathematical seriousness, Gitt is just making a crude analogy between DNA on the one hand and written communication among people on the other. Just as humans exercise conscious intent in formulating and disseminating information, he 6.5 is dna comparable to human language? 183 asserts, so too must DNA have arisen in the mind of a designer. That is the entirety of his argument. We should be very skeptical of this analogy, especially in light of our discussion at the end of Section 6.1. It is one thing to use information talk in casual discussions of DNA, but it is quite another to use that metaphor as the basis for grand pronouncements about what is possible and what is not. As we have noted, this frustrating lack of precision regarding the definition of information is very common in anti-evolution writing. In that regard, we should take note of a more recent paper by Gitt, this time coauthored with Robert Compton and Jorge Fernandez. Gitt was a participant in the ID conference Biological Information: New Perspectives mentioned in Section 6.3. Gitt, Compton, and Fernandez essentially reprise the arguments that we have discussed from Gitt’s book. They are explicit that information must have four attributes: a code plus syntax, meaning, expected action, and intended purpose. (By “expected action” they mean roughly that information conveys a desire on the part of the sender that the receiver undertake some action.) They then write: All four attributes described above are necessary to unambiguously distinguish this subset (category) of information. Due to this, the formal definition of Universal Information (UI) stated below incorporates all four of these distinguishing attributes. Download 0.99 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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