The history of my hometown 1

Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Flora and fauna 5.

In a nutshell, the term flora relates to all plant life and the term fauna represents all animal life. Let us dive deeper into these terms, exploring their origins and etymologies.

The term flora in Latin means “Goddess of the Flower.” Flora is a collective term for a group of plant life found in a particular region. The whole plant kingdom is represented by this name.

Flora is classified and differentiated based on many factors. The best one among them is the area in which they grow or are found. Some grow in desert regions or in water, some are found in hilly areas while some are endemic to a specific geographic location.

Fauna represents the animal life indigenous to a region. There are many explanations regarding the origin of the word. As per Roman mythology, Fauna or “Faunus” is the name of the goddess of fertility. Another source is “Fauns” which means “Forest spirits.“

Animal kingdom comprises a variety of animal life forms. Hence, the classification of fauna is much more complex than the floral division. Therefore, for ease of classification;

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  Birds are categorized under the name Avifauna.
  
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  Fishes under Pisci Fauna.
  
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  Microorganisms including bacteriaand virus are generally considered under animal kingdom, they are known as Microfauna.
  
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  All unknown and undiscovered animals are named as cryptofauna.
  
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  The flora and fauna are important for the following reasons:
  

• Maintains Ecological Balance

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  Flora and fauna are very important for human existence. The flora liberates oxygen that is consumed by the fauna for respiratory activities. Fauna, in turn, liberates carbon dioxide consumed by the flora for photosynthesis.
  
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  Flora and fauna hugely benefit mankind through its medicinal and food offerings. Animals maintain the equilibrium by predating on different plants and animals to balance their population on earth.
  
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  Animal droppings are a source of fertilizer. The dead animals decay and act as supplement minerals for other animals.
  

Ecosystem of Uzbekistan 6.

Changes in water flow regimes in Central Asia and using most of the water in the Amu Darya downstream section for irrigation, also changes in seasonal water availability potentially result in massive economic losses for the population and progressive destruction of the remaining Tugai forests. The strategies for climate change adaptation adopted by Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have up to now not made full use of the potential of ecosystem based approaches related to land use and protecting the valuable Tugai forest biodiversity.

In Uzbekistan the Lower Amu Darya State Biosphere Reserve (LABR) formed in 2011 at the initiative of the Government is still pending international recognition. Employees from the Lower Amu Darya Biosphere Reserve and other relevant stakeholders will be supported by allowing simultaneously preserving valuable ecosystems, thus contributing to the region sustainable development and international recognition of the reserve.

An adapted management plan for the LABR and the preparation of the nomination dossier for the recognition by UNESCO Program “Man and the Biosphere” (MAB) will be elaborated.

In Turkmenistan, advice will be provided in the form of recommendations on land use planning and grazing, while preserving natural resources along the Amu Darya.

Uzbekistan’s flora comprises of more than 3,700 species of plants. 20% of plants are endemic ones (can not be found in other places); major part of them grow in mountains. Flora of steppes and deserts consists of unique bushes. Wooden, bushy, grassy plants are well developed in low plains. Tugays feature reeds and kendyrs. Middle mountains feature dog-rose and other bushes. Only 30% of high mountains are covered with plants. Mostly tipchak grows here.

Like flora, Uzbekistan’s fauna is also very diverse. One can find many representatives of Asian fauna. Among them are: mammals (wolf, tortoise, djeyran, saygak, wild boar, mountain sheep, badger, stone marten, bear, snow leopard, ermine, Siberian mountain billy-goat, jacal, Bukharan deer, ), reptiles (heccons, agama arrow-snake, Central Asian cobra, , birds (, jay, shrike, mountain finch, bunting, lentil, grand turtle-dove, black griffon, lammergeyer, bearded vulture, jackdow, pheasant, cuckoo, yellow wagtail,  magpie, black crow,, whiskered tomtit,), insects, etc.

Government of Uzbekistan 7.

The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan exercises executive power in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The members of the government are the President of Uzbekistan, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, Ministers, and deputy ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of Uzbekistan. Cabinet of Ministers - The Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the executive power body of the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensuring guidance over effective functioning of the economy, social and cultural development, execution of the laws, and other decisions of Supreme Assembly, as well as decrees and resolutions issued by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of the Oliy Majlis, the Senate and the Legislative Chamber. The judicial branch (or judiciary), is composed of the Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, and Higher Economic Court that exercises judicial power.

The movement toward economic reform in Uzbekistan has not been matched by movement toward political reform. The government of Uzbekistan has instead tightened its grip since independence (September 1, 1991), cracking down increasingly on opposition groups. Although the names have changed, the institutions of government remain similar to those that existed before the breakup of the Soviet Union.

In 1992 Uzbekistan adopted a new constitution to replace the Soviet-era constitution that had been in effect since 1978. The new constitution establishes the country as a republic and provides for legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, dominated by a strong executive. Personal liberties generally are protected, but the government is given the right to restrict some of these liberties in certain circumstances. Nationalist or religious political parties are prohibited.

The country’s bicameral legislature (the Oliy Majlis, or Supreme Assembly) consists of a Legislative Chamber and a Senate. Legislative Chamber members are elected to five-year terms; most of the members of the Senate are indirectly elected, but some are appointed by the president. The legislature has the authority to amend the constitution, enact legislation, approve the budget, and confirm presidential appointees.