The main factors of punctuation (syntactic) development in english and uzbek languages jizzakh state pedagogical university Ganiyeva Khayriniso Email: Abstract

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Greeks used only one sign - a dot, which was placed at the top of the line, or in the middle and below. Nicanor, one of the representatives of the Greek grammar school, used 8 symbols in the punctuation system. However, these attempts of theirs only led to the mixing of the syntactic and logical structure of the speech, and no clear rule was developed in this regard. Misunderstandings about the rules of symbols continued until the fifteenth century, when the Venetian publisher Aldous Manutsi created a relatively large number of symbols that were used according to a specific set of rules. Manutius is considered the "father" of punctuation precisely because he was responsible for some regulation of the rules for the use of punctuation marks. Differences in the use of certain punctuation marks can be observed in European nations. Later, punctuation marks in Russian included "semicolon, colon, colon, question mark and exclamation mark, dash, quotation mark, parenthesis". It should be noted here that important signs of written speech are not only punctuation marks, but also other signs, for example:
1) Numbers;
2) Special scientific symbols - related to algebra, geometry, chemistry, astronomy;
3) Punctuation marks (related to punctuation);
4) Diacritical marks;
5) Partial capital letters.
Numbers and special scientific symbols represent ideographic logograms, and the number is named by means of the word digit, taken from the Arabic language, nul, which means space [13, p. 24]. Punctuation marks do not belong to the group of ideographic logograms, and they are used in Greek - writing samples based on the first phonetic-sound system, as well as in Latin - in medieval monuments, punctuation marks such as dots and dashes were used to separate words. Later, the complexity of the syntactic structure of the written speech, as well as "the development of the art of oratory, not only to separate words in the written text, but also to express a pause in oral speech" began to be used.
The total number of punctuation marks used in our current writing is ten, each of which has its own graphic form; they are used for specific purposes in written speech and perform a specific task. Each punctuation mark has its own function and use. Punctuation can be grouped according to the place of use as follows:
1. Punctuation marks used at the end of the sentence: full stop, question marks and exclamation marks;
2. Punctuation marks used in the sentence: comma;
3. Mixed punctuation marks: 1) used at the beginning and middle of the sentence: hyphen; 2) those used at the end and in the middle of the sentence: colon and semicolon; 3) those used at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the sentence: quotation marks, brackets and colons [8, p. 16].
It is known that punctuation marks used at the end of sentences in English and Uzbek are made up of period, question and exclamation marks, and their places of use differ from each other in different system languages. In order to clarify our opinion, we analyze the cases of use of the point in English.
1. In English, the full stop is different depending on the options, i.e. full stop is the British option; period - used in the American version, it expresses a complete thought, as in other languages, and comes at the end regardless of the type of sentence. For example:
- "I run three miles every morning." (declarative sentence)
- "I could study better if you turned down the music." (conditional sentence)
- "Please start the car." (imperative sentence).
- "Water is important for everyone."
- "I looked out of the window."
- "It was snowing again."
- "I know that you would never break my trust intentionally."
In Uzbek, unlike English, a full stop is used at the end of a sentence to indicate that the thought is complete. It is known that the meaning of the message is expressed from the figurative sentences, the event is emphasized. They can also be used to understand meanings such as request, advice, desire, suspicion, determination. [20, p. 300] These sentences have a calm tone, falling intonation, and the intonation is very low, especially in the last clause (the last syllable of the last word). This is the point intonation.
Sentences with a period at the end are structurally simple, complex, compound, one-part and two-part, complete and incomplete [22, p. 46]. For example: