GLOSSAR Y
Task-completion activities: puzzles, games, map-reading, and other kinds of classroom tasks in which the focus is on using one's language resources to complete a task. Information-gathering activities: student-conducted surveys, interviews, and scarches in which students are required to use their linguistic resources to collect information. Opinion-sharing activities: activities in which students compare values, opinions, or beliefs, such as a ranking task in which students list six qualities in order of importance that they might consider in choosing a date or spouse. Information-transfer activities: These require learners to take information that is presented in one form, and represent it in a different form. For example, they may read instructions on how to get from A to B, and then draw a map showing the scquence, or they may read information about a subject and then represent it as a graph. Reasoning-gap activities: These involve deriving some new information from given information through the process of inference, practical reasoning, etc. timetables. Role plays: activities in which students are assigned roles and improvise a scene or exchange based on given information or clues.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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2. D. Hymes., On Communicative Competence, (Harmondworth: Penguin, 1972, p. 281).
3. M. A. K. Halliday., Learning How to Mean, Explorations in the Development of Language, (London: Edward Arnold, 1975, pp. 11-17).
4. J. C. Richards and T. S. Rodgers., Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 71).
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Cambridge University Press, 1984, p. 74). K. Morrow., English Language Teaching.
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7.M. Finocchiaro and C. Brumfit., The Functional-Notional Approach: From Theory to Practice, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, pp. 91-93).
8. G. Nagraj., English Language Teaching: Approaches, Methods, Techniques, (Calcutta: Orient Longman Limited, 1996, p. 90).
9. K. Hussain., Translation and Mother Tongue in Language Teaching, (New Delhi: Brahmi Publications, 1996, p. 60).
10. W. Littlewood., Communicative Language Teaching, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, p. 24).
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