The ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan termez state university

THE MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIAL
EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TERMEZ STATE UNIVERSITY

FOREIGN PHILOLOGY FACULTY
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

Romanticism. Byron G.G. Realism. Charles Dickens. "Oliver Twist" . English Enlightenment

DONE BY: Baxtiyorova Nafisa
SCIENTIFIC SUPERVISOR:


Termez - 2022
CONTENTS :
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………2
Main part
Chapter I. Literature of the 18 - 19th century
1.1. Romanticism, its peculiarities.………………………………………….……….5
1.2. Charles Dickens's life and work."Oliver Twist"....................….12
Chapter II. The Enlightenment period English literature
2.1. Characteristics of Enlightenment Literature………………….….…18
2.2. The representatives of the Enlightenment
in English literature........................................................................24
Conclusion……………………………………......…….……………………………………26
References……………….……………………………….…………………………………..28
Introduction
In literature, Romanticism found recurrent themes in the evocation or criticism of the past, the cult of "sensibility" with its emphasis on women and children, the isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for nature. Furthermore, several romantic authors, such as Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, based their writings on the supernatural, occult and human psychology. Romanticism tended to regard satire as something unworthy of serious attention, a prejudice still influential today. The Romantic movement in literature was preceded by the Enlightenment and succeeded by Realism.
Realism is the fact of being faithful to reality. It was a movement away from romantic illusion, in order to get closer to the social and psychological reality of the time. It is the belief there can be a correspondence between reality and its representation.
Dickens’ Critical Realism . The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying characterization of bourgeois reality. As a representative of critical realism, Charles Dickens was the greatest English realist of the time. The greatness of Charles Dickens lies not only in their satirical portrayal of bourgeois and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy of the ruling classes, but also in their profound humanism that is revealed in their sympathy for the laboring people. He creates positive characters that are quite alien to vices, the rich and who are chiefly common people. The little David, the family of Peggotty and Micawber are vivid characters and representatives of the laboring class. “ Oliwer Twist” the novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th-century London. The author’s intimate knowledge of people of the lowest order and of the city itself apparently comes from his journalistic years. Here the novel also presents Oliver Twist as Dickens’ first child hero and Fagin the first grotesque figure.
Dickens’s story revolves around young Oliver Twist, an orphan brought up at a “charitable” institution “where twenty or thirty other juvenile offenders against the poor-laws rolled about on the floor all day, without the inconvenience of too much food or too much clothing.” After nine years Oliver graduates to a workhouse for young orphans. There his starving fellow sufferers elect him to ask for more food, in punishment for which Oliver is sold to an undertaker. Eventually Oliver runs away, making his painful way to London. Penniless and hungry, Oliver is befriended by a young thief, the Artful Dodger, who introduces him to Fagin and his gang, the evil Bill Sikes, and Sikes’s lover, Nancy. Steadfastly resisting the criminals’ attempts to corrupt him, Oliver eventually escapes, discovers his true parentage, and receives the respect he deserves. Dickens does a creditable job of making Oliver’s unshakable goodness believable. Despite the book’s title, however, Oliver has less to do with the story’s action than do most protagonists. The villains of Oliver Twist are the novel’s most memorable characters. Bill Sikes is stupid, strong, insensitive, and thoroughly evil. With no respect for human life, he insults, threatens, or beats every living thing that gets in his way. Fagin, the clever and devious master of the young thieves, shrewdly manipulates Sikes to his own advantage. Although he apparently retains some shreds of kindness and humanity, Fagin appears primarily as a grotesque, though at times humorous, devil figure. Fagin specializes in corrupting the young. Another evil character, Monks, works behind the scenes for most of the book but exerts an influence. The truly good characters in the novel are Dickens’s least satisfying. Rose Maylie represents Dickens’s early version of the ideal Victorian woman. She is sweet, unselfish, giving, loving, submissive, completely good-and unbelievable. Harry Maylie’s condescending sacrifice for Rose seems unnecessary at best. Mr. Brownlow fares better; he champions Oliver’s cause, leads the fight against Oliver’s enemies, and has enough personal foibles to make him believable.