The national anthem of the republic of uzbekistan

Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fruit or vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents. For example, orange juice is the liquid extract of the fruit of the orangetree, and tomato juice is the liquid that results from pressing the fruit of the tomato plant. Juice may be prepared in the home from fresh fruit and vegetables using a variety of hand or electric juicers. Juice is one of the most popular drinks to go with breakfast in the morning. Many commercial juices are filtered to remove fiber or pulp, but high-pulp fresh orange juice is a popular beverage. Common methods for preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning, pasteurization, freezing, evaporation and spray drying.
In Uzbekistan there are also many juice plants which produce different natural fruit and vegetable juice. Such plants as “Tip-Top”, “Dena”, “Dolce fresh”, “Bayce”, “Bliss” and others are the juice producing plants, which product we drink with pleasure. They are pure, free calorie and serve as nutrition for our children.
New words and word combinations:
liquid- suyuqlik
tissue- to’qima, material
a beverage- ichimlik
flavouring – ta’m berish
ingredient - tarkibiy qism
squeezing – ezish, presslash;
macerating - ivitmoq
fiber - tola
pulp- meva eti, qiyom
canning- konservalash
pasteurization- sterillash
reconstituting- tiklamoq (tarkibdan sokni)
freezing – muzlatish, sovutish
evaporation – bug’lanish
spray drying- sepish orqali quritish
Nutrition- ozuqa

GRAMMAR: PASSIVE VOICE

Majhul nisbat
1. Agar gapning egasi gapdagi ish - harakatni bajaruvchisi bo'lsa, fe'l oddiy nisbatda (The Active Voice) ishlatiladi:
The sun attracts the plants. = Quyosh sayyoralarni tortib turadi. 
Pushkin wrote "Poltava" in 1828. = Pushkin "Potlava" she'rini 1828 - yilda yozilgan.
2. Agar gapning egasi ish haralkat ta'siri ostida bo'lsa fe'l majhul nisbatda ( The Passive Voice) ishlatiladi:
The planets are attracted by the sun. = Sayyoralar quyosh tomonidan tortiladi. 
"Poltava" was written by Pushkin in 1828. = "Poltava" she'ri 1828 - yilda Pushkin tomonidan yozilgan.
3. O'timli fe'llar ham oddiy nisbatda, ham majhul nisbatda ishlatiladi. O'timsiz fe'llar faqat oddiy nisbatda ishlatiladi.
Majhul nisbat zamonlarining yasalishi

1. 
   Majhul nisbatning zamonlari to be yordamchi fe'lini kerakli zamonda qo'yish bilan yasaladi. Asosiy fe'ldan yasalgan o'tgan zamon sifatdoshi esa hamma zamonlarda o'zgarmay qoladi: Be + P.P. 
   

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	I am invited	I am being invited	I have been invited
Past	I was invited	I was being invited	I had been invited
Future	I shall be invited	-	I shall have been invited
Future in the Past	I should be invited	-	I should have been invited

2. Majhul nisbatning bo'lishsiz shakli birinchi yordamchi fe'ldan keyin not inkor yuklamasini qo'yish bilan yasaladi: I am not invited, I have not been invited, I shall not have invited.
3. Majhul nisbatning so'roq shakli birinchi yordamchi fe'lni eganing oldiga o'tkazish bilan yasaladi: Am I invited? Have I been invited? Shall I have been invited?
4. Oddiy nisbatdagi ega majhul nisbatda by predlogli to'ldiruvchi bo'lib keladi va u ba'zan tushib qolishi mumkin: 
The bridge was built in 1975. = Ko'prik 1975 - yilda qurilgan.
5. Majhul nisbatda ba'zan ish - harakatni bajarish qurolini ko'rsatish uchun with predlogi bilan kelgan to'ldiruvchi ishlatilishi mumkin:
The paper was cut with a knife. = Qog'oz pichoq bilan kesildi
GRAMMAR: CAN, MAY, TO BE ABLE TO MODAL FE'LLARI
Can = modal fe`li Simple Infinitiv bilan kelib ish-harakatni bajarishimkoniyatini, mumkinligini, qobiliyatini ifodalaydi, hozirgi va kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi: I can speak English.= Men inglizcha gapira olaman.
He can finish his work next week.= U ishini kelasi hafta tugata oladi. 
Can o`rnida be able to ni ham ishlatsa bo`ladi. Be able to hozirgi, o`tgan va kelasi zamonda ishlatiladi: I can do it.= I am able to do it. Men buni qila olaman. 
Be able to ning bo`lishsizlik shakli not able yoki unable(aneybl).
Bo`lishsiz gaplar yasashda can dan keyin not inkor yuklamasi qo`yiladi: 
He can not do it.= U buni qila olmaydi. 
Og`zaki nutqda can not ning bo`lishsiz shakli ko`pincha qisqarib keladi:
Can not = Can`t .
So`roq gaplar yasashda Can modal fe`li gapdagi eganing oldiga qo`yiladi: 
Can you speak English?= Inglizcha gapira olasizmi? 
Can you show me Oybek street?= Menga Oybek ko`chasini ko`rsata olmaysizmi?
Can ning o`tgan zamondagi shakli Could(kud)
I could speak English last year. Men o`tgan yili ingliz tilida gapirardim 
Can va Could dagi fe`l qaysi zamonda bo`lmasin hech qachon o`zgarmaydi. Lekin Could hozirgi zamonda ishlatilishi mumkin agar: 
a) Biror kimdan biror narsani qilib berishini savol tariqasida bersa. 
Please, could you open the window? = Iltimos derazani ochib yubora olasizmi? 
b) Birior kimdan yordam so`raganimizda: 


Could you help me with exercise? = Mashq qilishimda yordam bera olmaysizmi? 
Could ning bo`lishsiz shakli Could not yoki Couldn`t 
He couldn't come = U kela olmadi 
Could ko`pincha quyidagi so`zlar bilan keladi: could hear,could smell,could see, could taste, could feel, could remember,could understand. 
Could +V ish harakatni o`tgan zamonda sodir etish imkoniyatini, qobiliyatini ifodalaydi. Could o`rnida was(were) able to ham ishlatilishi mumkin:
He could ( was able to ) swim very well when he was young. = U yoshligida juda yaxshi suza olar edi.
He could ( was able to) read French books after he had stuided French for a year. = U bir yil fransuz tilini o`rganganidan keyin fransuzcha kitoblarni o`qiy olardi. 
Amalda ( haqiqatda) sodir bo`lgan ish- harakat to`g`risida gap ketganda faqat was(were) able to ishlatiladi:
We were able to discharge the steamer in twenty-four hours. = Biz yigirma to`rt soat ichida paroxodning yukini tushira oldik.
She was able to do it without my help.= U buni mening yordamimsiz qila oldi. 

May(mey) + V modal fe`li ruxsatni ifodalaydi: 

You may take my dictionary.= Siz mening lug`atimni olishingiz mumkin. 
So`roq gap tuzganimizda May agadan oldinga o`tadi: 
May I come in? = Kirsam mumkinmi? 
Inkor gap tuzganimizda May modal fe`lidan keyin Not inkor yuklamasi ishlatiladi: 
You may not find him there.= Siz uni u yerdan topa olmasligingiz mumkin.


Izoh: Mayga teskari mumkin emas ma`nosida may not(mayn`t) bilan bir qatorda must not (musn`t) ham ishlatiladi:You musn`t smoke here.= Bu yerda chekish mumkin emas. 
May ruxsatni ifodalash uchun faqat hozirgi zamonda ishlatiladi, o`tgan va boshqa zamonlarda might(mayt) emas, allow(allou) fe`lining majhul nisbati ishlatiladi: 
He was allowed to go there.= Unga u yerga borishga ruxsat berishdi. 
He has been allowed to go there.= Unga u yerga borishga ruxsat berishgandi. 
He will be allowed to go there.= Unga u yerga borishga ruxsat beriladi. 
May + be + Ving suhbat vaqtida davom etayotgan taxminni ifodalaydi: 
- Where is he? = U qayerda? - He may be walking in the garden. = U bog`da sayr qilayotgan bo`lishi mumkin.
May + V maqsad ergash gaplarda ishlatiladi:
I shall give him my exercises so that he may correct them.= Men unga tekshirish uchun mashqlarni berdim.
Bosh gapi o`tgan zamonda bo`lgan qo`shma gapdagi maqsad ergash gaplarda might(mayt) + V ishlatiladi: I gave him my exercises so that, he might correct them. = U tekshirsin deb men mashqlarimni unga berdim.