The national anthem of the republic of uzbekistan

Izoh: Keyingi misoldagi my so‘zi brother so‘ziga taalluqli.
7. many, much — ko‘p; little, few — oz, kam; some — bir qancha, ba’zi, bir nechta; any — istagan; each, every — har (bir); either — unisi ham, bunisi ham, har ikkalasi; neither — na unisi, na bunisi olmoshlari:
There were many students at the meeting.
Majlisda ko‘p talabalar bor edi.
Some people do not like meat. Ba’zi odamlar go‘shtni yoqtirmaydilar.
Come at any time. Istagan vaqtda keling.
Tom goes there every day. Tom u yerga har kuni boradi.
8. What? — qanday?, which? — qaysi?, whose? — kimning? So‘roq olmoshlari:
Whose pencil is this? Bu kimning qalami?
On which floor do you live? Qaysi qavatda yashaysiz?
What books have you read? Qanday kitoblar o‘qidingiz?
9. Ba’zi ko‘rsatkichlar faqat donalab sanaladigan otlar oldida, ba’ zilari esa faqat donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldida, ba’zilari barcha otlar oldida kelishi mumkin:
10. Ko‘rsatkichlar qaysi otga taalluqli bo‘lsa, o‘sha otdan oldin keladi, agar o‘sha ko‘rsatkichdan tashqari otning boshqa aniqlovchisi bo‘lsa, ular ot bilan ko‘rsatkich o‘rtasida keladi.
Pushkin created the Russian literary language.
Pushkin rus adabiy tilini yaratdi.
His first scientific work was a great success.
Uning birinchi ilmiy ishi katta muvaffaqiyat qozondi.

LESSON 15 Ecology

Ecology (from Greek: ecos- "house"; -logics- "study of") is the scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each other and their natural environment.

Ecology is an interdisciplinary branch of biology, the study of life. The word "ecology" was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ancient philosophers of Greece, including Hippocrates and Aristotle, were among the earliest to record observations and notes on the natural history of plants and animals. Modern ecology branched out of natural history and matured into a more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Charles Darwin's evolutionary treatise including the concept of adaptation, as it was introduced in 1859, is a pivotal cornerstone in modern ecological theory. Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history or environmental science. It is closely related to physiology, evolutionary biology, genetics and ethology. An understanding of how biodiversity affects (ta’sir o’tkazmoq) ecological function is an important focus area in ecological studies. Ecologists seek to explain:

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  Life processes and adaptations
  
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  Distribution and abundance of organisms
  
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  The movement of materials and energy through living communities
  
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  The successional development of ecosystems
  
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  The abundance and distribution of biodiversity in context of the environment.
  

Ecology is a human science as well. Ecosystems sustain every life-supporting function on the planet, including climate regulation, water filtration, soil formation (pedogenesis), food, fibers, medicines, erosion control, and many other natural features of scientific, historical or spiritual value.
New words and word combinations:
interdisciplinary branch - fanlararo yo’nalish
to be coined - kiritilmoq
branched out - kelib chiqmoq, tarmoqlanmoq
rigorous - talabchan, qattiqq’l, majburiy
evolutionary treatise - evolyutsion traktat (ilmiy ish)
the concept of adaptation - moslashuv tushunchasi (g’oyasi)
a pivotal cornerstone - asosiy tamal toshi (asos)
ethology - etologiya (hayvonlarning tabiiy yashash muhitida o’zlarini tutishi haqidagi fan)
abundance - ortiqcha, ko’p, mo’lchilik
sustain - ta’minlamoq, saqlamoq
life-supporting - hayotni qo’llab- quvvatlovchi

GRAMMAR: The Numerals (Son)

Buyumning miqdori yoki tartibini bildirgan so’zlar sonlardir. Sonlar Sanoq sonlar (Cardinal numerals) va Tartib sonlar (Ordinal numerals) ga bo’linadi.
Sanoq sonlar shaxs yoki buyumlarning miqdorini bildirib how many? Nechta? So’rog’iga javob bo’ladi. M: one, two, three etc.
Tartib sonlar narsa-buyumlarning tartibini bildiradi va which? Qaysi? Nechanchi? so’rog’iga javob bo’ladi. M: first, second, third etc.

Cardinal numerals

1-12	13-19	20-90	100 and other cardinals
1-one 2-two 3-three 4-four 5-five 6-six 7-seven 8-eight 9-nine 10-ten 11-eleven 12-twelve	13-thirteen 14- fourteen 15-fifteen 16- sixteen 17-seventeen 18- eighteen 19-nineteen