The Present simple tense

The Past perfect tense
(o’tgan tugallangan zamon)

S +had V3 (ed)

S +had not V3(ed)?

Had S+ V3(ed)

Signal words: By-gacha, by 4 o’clock ,by the end of the year, by Monday, by that time, after, before,when,as soon as, just, already, never, not… yet, until that day-o’sha kungacha, no sooner…than…
Biz bu zamonni o’tgan zamonda bir ish-harakat sodir bo’lishidan oldin sodir bo’lib tugagan ish harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz. Yoki o’tgan zamonda aniq paytgacha sodir bo’lib tugagan ish harakatlarni ifodalash uchun.
When I arrived at the party, Tom had already gone home.
Bu zamonni 2ta holatda ishlatamiz.
1.Sodda gaplarda. Bunda asosan signal so’z By dan foydalanamiz.
I had done my work by 6 o’clock yesterday.
They had discussed the problem by Monday last week.
2.Qo’shma gaplarda. Asosan payt ergash gapli qo’shma gaplarda ishlatiladi.
When, before + S + past simple + … , S + past perfect … .
When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat.
I had switched off the light before I left the room.
After, as soon as, no sooner… + S+ past perfect … , S + past simple …
After I had switched off the light, I left the room.
As soon as I had finished my work, I went home
No sooner he had arrived than he felt ill.(U kelib kelmasidan,og’rib qoldi.)
Esda saqlang past perfect zamoni present perfectning o’tgan zamondagi ekvivalenti hisoblanadi.