The problems of doing medical geographic research in Uzbekistan

---

The problems of doing medical geographic research in Uzbekistan
23
2. Ibragimov Lutfullo. The Economic Role of the Geographical Potential of Samarkand Region. International Journal of Humanities Social 
Sciences and Education (IJHSSE). – 2016 . – Vol. 3, – Issue 4.
3. Abdurakhmonova Y. The morphology of the curved landscapes of Zarafshan and its environmental protection. Dissertation. – Samar-
kand. – 2003.
4. Kulmatov Rashid, Christian O, Michael Groll, Dilafruz Kulmatova. Assessment of Water Quality of the Trans-Boundary Zarafshan 
River in the Territory of Uzbekistan. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, – 2013. – P. 17–26.
5. Gulomov P. H., Vakhabov P., Baratov M., Mamatkulov. Natural geography of Uzbekistan. – Tashkent. – 2013.
6. Musaev P., Musaev J. Economical-social geography of Uzbekistan. Textbook. – Tashkent, – 2010. – P. 123.
7. URL: http: www.stat.uz. The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
8. URL: http: www.samstat.uz. The State Statistical Committee of Samarkand region.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-23-24
Alikul Khamidovich Ravshanov,
senior teacher
Samarkand State University
E‑mail: [e-mail]
The problems of doing medical geographic research in Uzbekistan
Abstract: Formation and development of studies on medicinal-geographical and medicinal- geoecological studies, as well as 
the natural pestholes are analyzed. The negative influence of geoecological situations appeared in Uzbekistan and in the Middle 
Zarafshan basin on the health of population is illustrated. Testimonial of the anthropogenic pestholes is given.
Keywords: medicine geography, nosogeography, landscape criticism of medicine, anthropogenic- landscape, agro- landscape.
It is known that medicine geography is a science, which creates 
geographic extension of human disease and reasons of opportunities 
of medical and anthropogenic factors of origin disease. Medicine 
geography from meaning has several spheres. It consists of spheres 
like: Nosogeography of its internal part, medical landscape study, 
medical anthropogenic landscape study, medical geo-ecology, mak-
ing maps of medicine geography and medical landscape. On the base 
of all this lies medicine geographic problems which has connection 
with the influence to each other and relations system of medical 
condition — society and human health.
It must be admitted that above-mentioned names has each of 
medicine geographic directions have own research object, subject, 
purpose, tasks and concept of scientific approach. For example, No-
so-geography studies global, zonal and zooms of regional geographic 
extension of some disease type. Medical land shaft study, difference 
from noso-geography analyses positive and negative influence of 
land shaft complexes to the human health, geo-ecologic conditions 
of negative influence to the human health and formation of tasks 
on the scientific basis for problems of optimizing conditions, makes 
maps of medical landscape.
The main purpose of medical anthropogenic landscape study is 
to morphological study of negative influence to the human health and 
medical environment which was originated geo-ecologic conditions in 
techno-gene land shafts where developed mine industry areas, in agro-
landscapes, in seliteb land shafts and in the circle of cultural and non 
cultural land shafts which was created by human in economy activities. 
It is possible to perform such tasks in the ways of making maps of medi-
cal landscapes and through medical geo-ecologic approaches.
According to the published monograph by N, Komilova and 
A, Soliev “Geography of Medicine” in 2005 medicine geographic 
divide into districts in the territory of Bukhara region for health of 
population were done an they divided into four nozo-geographic 
districts. They are high, middle or central, lower and western medical 
geographic district. The following principles were taken as a main 
measure by authors:
1) generality of territorial geographic places; 2) extension de-
gree and specialty of disease group; 3) pointers death of general and 
child; 4) similarity of medical and ecologic condition; 5) existence 
of nozo-geographic areal of some territorial disease; 6) territorial 
economy and their branch structure; 7) administrative-territorial 
unity and etc. Giving description for divided geographic districts 
according their territory, number and dense of population, main 
disease groups characteristics for districts are largely used [1].
Medicine geographic analysis and their sanitarian-hygiene con-
dition of Amudarya delta is deeply investigated by I, Turdimam-
betov. The main attention in his articles is paid to the following: 
to medicine geographic mark which was changed medical environ-
ment in the influence of human economy activity in Amudarya 
delta, rising and development of medical biologic and sanitarian-
hygiene situation, geographic basis of getting better of appeared 
ecologic equality, divide into districts of Southern Aral region by 
disease and to use land shaft principles while doing medical geo-
graphic investigation [2].
It was known that appearance and territorial extension of dis-
ease among the population depend on medical and economic–so-
cial conditions, especially ecologic situation. Such nozo-geographic 
conditions in some regions have been reason of appearance and 
geographic extension of several disease. O. Mukhamedov analyzed 
nozo-geographic condition of Samarkand region through study-
ing territorial extension of main types of disease: breathing organs, 
neoplasm, stomach organs, system of blood circulation, infectious 
and parasitic disease which has being reason for the death of human 
among population (in 2006).
According to his confirmation blood circulation system disease is 
more extended than other type of disease in the region. It consists of 
56,7% of all disease. It was defined high in dense population areas, 
cities and districts where developed production farms. For example: 
such disease was about 63.8% and 63.7% in Samarkand and Kattakur-
gan cities in 2000–2004, about 62.4% in Samarkand district. This situ-
ation was recognized very high degree from average degree.

---

Section 3. Geography
24
Geography of different disease types was studied according to the 
statistic information in Surkhandarya region by A. Sattarov, M. Uma-
rova and Z. Kholmatov. They defined that extension of such disease vi-
rus hepatitis, tuberculosis of breathing organs and echinococcus last 
years. As an example: tuberculosis of breathing organs disease was 
977 people in 2003, it was increased to 1129 people in 2005 in the 
territory of region. According to the statistic information such dis-
ease is in high level in Termiz, Denov and Shurchy cities. So, the num-
ber of penitent who was taken ill by virus hepatite was also very high 
level. They were each account of 1000 people 423 people in Termiz, 
312 people in Denov, 187 people in Sariosio, 139 people in Shurchi 
and 135 people in Kumkurgan cities. The author confirms and origin 
and extension of these disease connects it with medical and economic 
geographic factors and environmental conditions [3].
The results of scientific investigations done in the circle of medi-
cine geography are show that totally authors approaches as one of 
the branch of social-economic geography for medicine geography 
and its research object. That’s why, research works of medical geog-
raphy and nozo-geography, reason of origin disease and their geo-
graphic extension, perform which has connection to this tasks in 
the scientific articles are carried out on the basis of analyzing social-
economic factors. But reason of origin of disease, their geographic 
extension, set in areal places of medical geographic opportunities 
and different complex land shafts and also connection of medical 
roots low attention were paid.
We have to emphasize that medicine geography is created un-
der the basis of medical geography, social-economic geography and 
medical sciences and counted as developed science. According to 
N, Komilova’s and A, Soliev’s [1.] ideas if the medicine geography 
really created under the science of bordering direction, its true that 
we can count its position in the circle of geography. If exists ap-
pearing hearth of various disease in the nature, we have to analyze 
on the basis of taxonomic unity system to define them, to give de-
scription, to make maps of research work, possibilities of nature of 
special area or region, structure of relief, microclimate, characters of 
hydrochemistry and geochemistry of land surface and underground 
and surface water, plant and animal world and land shaft complex. 
It is possible to make then by the way of describing them in medical 
geo-ecologic maps.
If it is carried connectively with research works of medicine 
geography and directions of medical land shaft study and medical 
geo-ecology it can make easy to solve problems on medicine ge-
ography, produce practical offers and tasks against to the diseases.
If approach to the following investigation on medical land shaft 
study and medical geo-ecologic point of view, at first: it can give 
good result of studying and analyzing medical and anthropogen-
esis hearth of disease in the round of present land shaft complex; at 
second: it also practical and scientific the influence can be in high 
degree of taken results and done conclusion.
Following investigation and views shows that medical and an-
thropogenic hearth of various diseases were not extended equal in 
each land shaft type places. They cab be exist in one of this parts of 
land shaft or its internal parts of one urochishche or farcies. Tuber-
culosis, malaria and other local stenachor disease can be examples. 
But some disease type can be against, they can be largely extended in 
medicine geographic districts, provinces, zones an countries. Moun-
tain disease, endemic crop, sunburn and other evictor disease can 
be examples. We think, approaching medical geo-ecologic point 
of view and doing medical geographic research of medical land shaft 
study, existed hearth of expanding disease in analyzing objects, mak-
ing medical geographic maps which was painted areal in different 
zoom of disease.