diagnostics
Review
The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in the Early Diagnosis of
Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease
Patrycja Pawlik *
and Katarzyna Błochowiak
Citation:
Pawlik, P.; Błochowiak, K.
The Role of Salivary Biomarkers in
the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s
Disease and Parkinson’s Disease.
Diagnostics 2021, 11, 371.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
diagnostics11020371
Academic Editor: Omar Cauli
Received: 25 January 2021
Accepted: 19 February 2021
Published: 22 February 2021
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4.0/).
Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street,
60812 Poznan, Poland; kasia@naszdentysta.com.pl
*
Correspondence: patrycjapawlik25@gmail.com; Tel.: +48-798-668-451
Abstract:
Many neurodegenerative diseases present with progressive neuronal degeneration, which
can lead to cognitive and motor impairment. Early screening and diagnosis of neurodegenerative
diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are necessary to begin
treatment before the onset of clinical symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease.
Biomarkers have shown great potential as a diagnostic tool in the early diagnosis of many diseases,
including AD and PD. However, screening for these biomarkers usually includes invasive, complex
and expensive methods such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling through a lumbar puncture.
Researchers are continuously seeking to find a simpler and more reliable diagnostic tool that would
be less invasive than CSF sampling. Saliva has been studied as a potential biological fluid that could
be used in the diagnosis and early screening of neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to
provide an insight into the current literature concerning salivary biomarkers used in the diagnosis of
AD and PD. The most commonly studied salivary biomarkers in AD are β-amyloid
1-42/1-40
and TAU
protein, as well as α-synuclein and protein deglycase (DJ-1) in PD. Studies continue to be conducted
on this subject and researchers are attempting to find correlations between specific biomarkers and
early clinical symptoms, which could be key in creating new treatments for patients before the onset
of symptoms.
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