The term 'translation theory' (TT) is used as a synonym of several other terms accepted with a similar meaning in translat

(37, 38) two structures that comprise an utterance:
1)formal gram and synt str-re 2)communic. – theme (given), rheme (new). Problem of rendering R w-o in En. (the problems of rendering the communicative structure of an utterance)
If monorhematic=>Take rheme from R sentence and put it in the beginning of E sentence (first comes first) + an indef. art.– на улице появилась толпа зевак – a crowd of idlers appeared on the street.
If dirhematic: 1)find boundaries of the theme and state its synt func-n.
2)if the theme is adv.mod it has to be transformed into subject. (Из-за тумана остановилось движение – the fog stopped the traffic)
3)if direct obj=>into subj + Active-Passive transf-n.( Музыку к этому фильму написал известный композитор. - The music to the film was composed by a famous composer)
4)if indir obj=>=//= Мне предложили другую должность. - / was offered a different job.
5)if begins with thematic verbs, then following transfor.:
a)=>it b)=>there c)=>noun
(Вошли в практику совещания экспертов – It has become common practice/there have been arrangements/Our reg activities)
В комнате установилась мёртвая тишина:The room turned deathly silent.(monorhematic), A deathly silence descended upon the room. (dirhematic)
E=>R. change in w-o in E even more emphatic as it’s unusual
1)fronting(This I say);2)subj-verb Then came the turning point of the match.
Means:1)synt restructuring(смертельно больной, он)2)Lex-phras m-ns;3)Special intensifiers(Bitterly did he – сколько горечи!)


39. Rendering Russian verbal adverb phrases in English. - attributive form of the verb which combines the features of a verb and an adverb. It’s gram.lacunae. to render VAPh: 1) the subject of the phrase and of the action denoted by a verb predicate is the same=>different from Eng abs.nom.phrases, similar to PartI. 2)problem to render perfective and imperfective forms. 3) two voice forms: active {причесывая ребенка...) and reflexive {причесываясь). 4) Verbal adverb can be a single-verb form and phrase with an object, an adverb. 5) Verbal adverbs and VAPhs can have stylistically marked forms (играючи, сожалеючи).