The verbal image – the tenor – the direct thought; the vehicle – the figurative thought

Cliché – word expression which has become familiar: rosy dreams, rising expectations
Proverbs – short, well-known sayings, usually wise
Epigrams – a short clever amusing or a poem: Everything I like is either illegal, immortal or flattening
Quotation – a phrase taken from a work of literature: To be or not to be?
Allusion – a historical, literary, mythological or biblical act which is known to the reader ( the source is given): When Noah build the ark (Bible)
Phraseological units – a set of phrases – one meaning (prolongation – добавляется слово – flew into a drunken rage = to fly into a rage; interaction – два выражения соединяются – to be fed up with smth +to be fed to the teeth; substitution – there is no place like Rome=like home
Stylistic inversion – displacement of some components
Detachment – to give greater significance (commas, dashes, full stops)
parenthesis - explanatory or qualifying remark (2 commas, brackets, dashes) I know (if only I could forget it) that you killed her
Parallel constructions – two or more sentences in close succession with identical or similar syntactical structure: …no birds, no dogs barked, no frogs croaked. it was shabby, faded and…
Chiasmus – repetition of syntactical patterns, but it has reversed order in one of the parts: She was a good sport about all this, but so was he.
Lexico-Syntactical repetition – repeating words, sentence for stylistic purpose, to draw attention
Simple repetition – repeated use of the same word or sentence one after another
Anaphora – repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive clauses or paragraphs
Epiphora - repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several successive clauses
Framing – the initial elements are repeated at the end of an utterance or a paragraph