Theoretical grammar of english

21 Classification of sentences based on their structure. The simple
sentence. The composite sentence.
According to the structure sentences may be simple and composite.
The semantic and structural relations between simple sentences within a composite one are closer than those between simple sentences of the same text. The semantic relations between the elements of the composite sentence are those of coordination, subordination and predication. The means of adj ointment of the elementary sentences within the composite one are either syndetical - with the help of different connections - or asyndetical. Composite sentences are generally subdivided into compound and complex.
Compound sentences consist of 2 or more coordinated simple sentences - clauses. The relations between the clauses are those of equality and relative independence.
Complex sentences consist of 2 or more clauses joined by subordination (adverbial, object or attributive clauses) or by predication (subject and predicative clauses). Complex sentences consist of a principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses which are kind of modifiers to the principle clause.
The main components of the simple sentence are the subject, the predicate, the object, the attribute, the adverbial modifier. The sentence containing both the subject and the predicate is called a two-member sentence. In the majority of cases the English sentence is a two-member sentence. A one-member sentence contains only one principle member. It is complete. No other element of it is implied or felt as missing or necessary. The principle member of the one-member sentence is generally expressed by a noun or a noun-phrase. This type of sentence is rarely used except in written literary English texts. E.g. Silence. Not a word.
The sentence containing besides the principle parts also attributes, objects, adverbial modifiers is called an extended sentence. The sentence having no secondary parts is called an unextended sentence.
A sentence may contain homogeneous members:
- homogeneous subjects - Nick an I are good friends
- homogeneous predicates - He came in, grabbed her hand and kissed her.
- homogeneous objects - He had force, brains and intelligence
-homogeneous attributes -1 found a safe and comfortable place for her.
- homogeneous adverbial modifiers - He spoke slowly - almost reluctantly.
Simple sentence
Two-member One-member
Extended unextended extended unextended
Elliptical non -elliptical Elliptical non -elliptical