Theoretical grammar пәні бойынша

The Types of Verbs
The classification of verbs can be undertaken from the following points of view:
1) meaning
2) form - formation;
3) function.
I. There are three basic forms of the verb in English: infinitive, past indefinite and PII.
These forms are kept in mind in classifying verbs.
II. There are four types of form-formation:
1. affixation: reads, asked, going ...
2. variation of sounds: run – ran, may – might, bring – brought ...
3. suppletive ways: be – is – am – are – was; go – went ...
4. analytical means: shall come, have asked, is helped ...
There are productive and non-productive ways of word-formation in present-day English
verbs.
Affixation is productive, while variation of sounds and suppletion are non-productive.


12. Parts of the sentence
The parts of the sentences are the basic syntactical units. First and important in the investigation of the structure of the sentence is segmentation that is articulation of the composition of the sentence into constituents. The part of the sentence when it functional syntactical nature doesn't change in all unlimited number of the real sentences differently expressed lexically under conditions of identity of lexemes is sorted as a component of each new sentence with all the new subjects, with their properties, their terms of existencePart of the sentence is a two-sided language mark, which possesses the meaning and the form. Its meaning is syntactic function, that is, that substantial relation, in which given syntactic element is in another structure of some syntactic consecution of elements. The form of the part - is not only syntactically meaningful morphological form of the word, but also characteristics, connected with the belonging of the word to the definite part of speech or to the category of words inside of the part of speech, presence or absence of secondary auxiliary words.


13. Communicative types of the sentence
In accord with the purpose of communication three cardinal sentence-types have long been recognized in linguistic tradition: first, the declarative sentence; second, the imperative sentence; third, the interrogative sentence. The declarative sentence expresses a statement, either affirmative or negative, and as such stands in systemic syntagmatic correlation with listener’s responding signals of attention, of appraisal, or of fellow-feeling. The imperative sentence expresses inducement, either affirmative or negative. That is, it urges the listener, in the form of request or command, to perform or not to perform a certain action. As such, the imperative sentence is situationally connected with the corresponding ‘action response’, and lingually is systemically correlated with a verbal response showing that the inducement is either complied with, or else rejected. The interrogative sentence expresses a question, i.e. a request for information wanted by the speaker from the listener. It is naturally connected with the answer, forming together with it a question-answer dialogue unity.