There is there are there has been there have been introductory it

1) THERE IS THERE ARE THERE HAS BEEN THERE HAVE BEEN


2) INTRODUCTORY IT

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  It – гапларда киши ёки нарсани таништириш максадида кулланилади ва гапнинг бошида келиб, асосан эргаш гап катнашади. Мазмунан, to be дан кейин келган отни таъкидлаб курсатиш, айнан шу эканлагини (бошка эмаслигини) курсатиш учун:
  

It was Peter who lent us the money. (not Paul)
It is today that he is going. (not tomorrow)
It – шу маънода хаттоки купликдаги отларга нисбатан хам ишлатилиши мумкин.
It is pilots that we need, not ground staff
It was Jane who paid for the meal yesterday.

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  Инфинитив ёки герундий гапнинг эгаси булиб колганда, биз гапни It билан бошлашимиз мумкин:
  

It is easy to criticize. = To criticize is easy.
It is better to be early. = to be early is better.
It seems pity to give up now. = To give up now seems pity.
It costs $ 800 to mend the roof = Mending the roof costs $ 800.
Юкоридаги мисолларда It + be дан аввал find/ think (that) келса be ва that тушириб колдирилиши мумкин:
He thought (that) it (would be) better to say nothing.
We found it impossible to get visas.
She finds it difficult to get up early after such hardships.
We think it hard to win the competition.
We found it reasonable to buy cheese here.

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  Гапнинг эгаси эргаш гапдан иборат булса, ушбу гапларни It ёрдамида ифодалаш маъкулрок: That he hasn’t phoned is odd = It is odd that he hasn’t phoned.
  

That prices will go up is certain = It is certain that prices will go up.
It never occurred to me that perhaps he was unusually silent.
It was obvious that he was going to finish with that.
It struck me that everyone was unusually silent.
It impressed me that every family in this town had special outings every month.
It is best that he is becoming well.
It is known that A.Navoiy was one of the most prominent people in the XV century.

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