Ticket 1 Enterprises (firms) field of activity and its main characteristics

2.Creating jobs in enterprises (firms) and coordinating their activities.
The Job Creation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Recommendation, 1998 (No. 189) is the only international labour standard (ILS) that provides guidelines on general conditions to stimulate job creation in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The Recommendation highlights the links between quality job creation in SMEs and employment policy, human resources development, cooperatives and compliance with labour legislation and occupational safety and health standards. It recognizes the contribution of SMEs to the promotion of full, productive and freely chosen employment, the creation of income generating opportunities, the inclusion of disadvantaged groups and the importance of training and human resources development. The ILO’s promotion of SMEs contributes to the creation of productive employment and decent work for all and can play a key role in economic contribution and social well-being across the world. Two out of three jobs worldwide are created by SMEs. In many developing economies, more than 50 percent of total employment creation in the private sector can be attributed to enterprises with less than 100 employees. In developed economies, SMEs generate 55 percent of GDP (ILO, 2019). SMEs also represent the vast majority of economic units with over 90 per cent of the business population. In short, SMEs are a central economic and social force for employment, growth and income levels across the globe. (ILO, 2019). Promoting job creation in SMEs against this background is the focus of the Recommendation No. 189. The purpose of this guide is to familiarize readers with its content, to explore key elements to consider when implementing it, and to share example of good practices.
3.Estimation of innovation-investing activity.
The subject of the research in the article is the main tendencies of investment and innovation activity of business entities. The purpose of the work is to determine the main tendencies of investment and innovation activity of economic entities at the international, macro and microeconomic levels in the conditions of European integration with application of methods of economical and mathematical modeling. Task: definition of integral indicator of investment and innovation activity of economic entities at international, macro and microeconomic levels. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: abstract-logical method, method of analysis and synthesis, logical-content analysis - formation and substantiation of the system of indicators of evaluation of investment and innovation activity of subjects of management; generalization and abstracting - the study of categorical apparatus of investment and innovation activity of business entities, multidimensional factor analysis - for the classification and systematization of the space of signs of research and the grouping of factors by their economic content. The following results are obtained: to increase the objectivity and reliability of the analysis, the corresponding integral indicators characterizing each level are combined into a generalized integral index of investment and innovation activity of economic entities, calculated by the method of additive convolution, taking into account the coefficients of significance of each level. Significance is determined on the basis of the use of expert survey method taking into account the predominance: for foreign investments and for domestic investments