Title, byline, abstract, and keywords for scientific articles

*TITLE

• In scientific articles, titles represent the kernel, essence, interiority, soul, or image of their contents
• Therefore a title is more a label rather than a statement, which succinctly encapsulates the whole subject matter being dealt with

A title should be considered as an advertisement useful to capture all potential readers and possible users of the articles

• A title should be considered as an advertisement useful to capture all potential readers and possible users of the articles
• It should also function as a beacon or ‘neon light’ to attract the attention of others to its possible use as a source of inspiration for furthering one’s work

Please remember that:

• The title represents the part of the article which is most read by people
• Hence the title determines the fate of a scientific article – be read and cited, or ignored and dismissed
• If unlucky, it will represents the only part of the whole article ever read by people outside its authors and editors

Select only strong, positive, informative, important words from the familiar vocabulary and appropriate scientific terms in accordance with traditions and jargons of the respective scientific disciplines

• Select only strong, positive, informative, important words from the familiar vocabulary and appropriate scientific terms in accordance with traditions and jargons of the respective scientific disciplines
• Be simple and concise, by employing fewest possible words through omission of unnecessary ones

Good titles ideally should consist of not more than

• 8 words (German)
• 10 words (English)
• 12 words (Indonesian)
• 90 strokes (including space) on the keyboard
• Because of the development of more detailed specifications in modern scientific researches, many journals nowadays allow longer titles

*ABSTRACT

• Abstract is a concise presentation of the whole article, so that it gives the research problem or main objective of the research, indicated the methodology used, presents the main findings and discussion together with its conclusion (IMRD). Non research articles abstract should contain brief and comprehensive resume of complete articles

Abstracts should not contain:

• Sentences that can be gleaned from the title of the article, or sound like an introduction to the whole article (‘The aim of this research is to find out the role of human resource strategy on the market performance . . .’)
• Lengthy background information
• References to other literature
• Abbreviations or terms that may be confusing to readers
• Any sort of illustration, figure, or table, or references to them.