Tourist resource studies and planning of touristicexcursions course work

part of the income. Currently, the owners of national parks in private and mixed 
ownership in many countries are transferring them to state property management. 
The reasons for both situations are the increasing difficulty of protecting national 
parks. In African countries, in South and Southeast Asian countries, in the Middle 
East and CIS countries, in Latin America, national parks have become available to 
the state. The sale of national parks to the state or their full state ownership is also a 
priority in European countries (Germany, Ireland, Bulgaria, Romania, the Czech 
Republic, and Scandinavian countries). National parks in North and South America, 
Poland, Greece, Turkey, Pakistan, Nepal and Algeria operate under private and state 
management. Half of the national parks in Western European countries, France, 
Spain and Great Britain, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Ecuador are private. In South 
Korea, 40% of national parks are privatized. Organizational and management 
features of national parks are different in the countries of the world
4
. When national 
parks were first established, they were administered by federal agencies and 
departments. In developed, transitional economy developing countries (90% of 
countries), national parks are managed in bottom-up-vertical organizational 
management (Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, many European countries). Due to the 
large number of private national parks in the USA, Canada, France, Australia and 
South African countries, equal rights-horizontal organizational management 
prevails. However, regardless of the diversity of management or different forms of 
ownership in national parks, nature protection in national parks is definitely at the 
discretion of state bodies. The organization and management of national parks, 
nature reserves, biosphere reserves, nature reserves and specially protected areas in 
4
Concept of development of ecological tourism in Uzbekistan. Ecology bulletin.

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our country is entrusted to the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan 
"Ecology and Environmental Protection". In recent years, national parks have been 
operating at the expense of money from international organizations supporting 
nature protection, commercial banks, famous writers, artists, and others. That is why 
the countries with ecotourism resources have used all their possibilities to develop 
ecotourism. 240 million from Canadian national parks. dollars, the US receives an 
average of 370 million dollars a year from national parks. Most importantly, no 
matter how attractive and unique an ecotourism object is, ecotourism develops when 
this object is used. There were 200 national parks in 39 countries in 1959, 1000 in 
1982, and 1500 now. State nature reserves (zakaznik) are natural areas protected by 
the state for the purpose of protection and restoration of natural complexes or one or 
more plant and animal species or species
5
. Natural order offices (the term zakaznik 
in Russian is more popular) are mainly organized for certain periods of activity. 
During the cultivation of new lands, the discovery of minerals on an industrial scale 
and the increase of irregular, unplanned anthropogenic pressure lead to the 
destruction of natural landscapes and plants and animals on that land. In such cases, 
the state turns these places into state nature reserves. In some cases, when the number 
of one unique species in nature decreases and it is completely lost, a state reserve of 
nature is established under the name of that species. Museums and sculptures of 
nature. Natural museums can occupy from 1 to 10-15 hectares of land, even 5-6 m2 
of land. But the most important thing here is that even these small places in nature 
can provide very important information about the broad development of evolution 
or the development of the environment. At the same time, one should not confuse 
motionless, lifeless geosystems with natural museums. For example, in the words of 
V. I. Vernadsky, the biosphere is a living nature, since all living organisms of our 
planet live in it, and the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere are non-living 
nature. Nature museums stand out from the general view due to their special 
attraction, aesthetic pleasure and amazement. Natural museums are used for 
5
Hayitboyev R., Hayitboyev K., Khudayberdiyev U. Economy of nature use. 

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10 
 
recreation, travel or sports facilities, parks, they are also scientific research 
laboratories
6
. An example of this is the ancient paintings in the mountains of our 
republic. A. Humbold called such places "memorials, sculptures of nature". 
Ecological nurseries (nurseries) - ecological nurseries are organized by states and 
international nature protection organizations under special natural conditions and in 
a special regime for the preservation and breeding of rare animal species that are 
listed in the international "Red Book" and are on the verge of complete extinction. 
will be done. In our country, the international "Jayron" nursery in the Bukhara region 
and the "Saykhun nature reserve" in the Tashkent region are equivalent to the status 
of a nursery and operate at the level of international requirements for nature 
protection. In 1976, for the first time in the republic, a nursery specializing in raising 
gazelles was established in the Bukhara region on an area of 5145 ha
7
. In 1989, the 
nursery was transformed into a republic scientific and production center for the 
breeding of rare animal species - "Jayron" eco-center and joined the State Nature 
Committee. "Jayron" eco-center is a world-wide unique facility specializing in the 
preservation and breeding of rare and endangered animal species. When it was 
founded in 1977, the eco-center was called "Bukhara gazelle breeding nursery" and 
42 gazelles, 4 kulans and saigas were bred there. Later, Khangul (Bukhara deer), 
cheetah, and yorga-tuvaloq, included in the international and national Red Books, 
were also raised there. The nursery was assigned the task of breeding gazelles, 
studying their biology and rational use of population resources. After receiving 
positive results, the kennel started breeding other rare species - kulon, Przhevalsky's 
horse, sable, there was also a herd of saigas. Due to the success in the field of 
expanding its activities and breeding animals, on 26.12.98, by the order of the 
Cabinet of Ministers, the kennel was turned into an eco-center "Jayron". The area of 
the ecocenter is 7153 ha, of which 5145 ha is fenced with a metal fence to protect 
6
Hayitboyev R., Amriddinova R. Marketing studies in tourism.
7
Hayitboyev R., Amriddinova R. Special types of tourism. "Tong" LLC, 

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against poachers and predators. In the kennel, a system of volers was built, which 
allows to study animals in captivity and to feed the baby animals by hand when 
necessary. Currently, according to the 2007 census, the number of gazelles is 549, 
Przewalski's horses are 35, and kulons, which have disappeared in the nature of 
Uzbekistan, have reached 55. The work in the field of breeding gazelle is going on 
most successfully. During the period of operation of the ecocenter, it was possible 
to obtain 30 generations of animals bred in captivity. More than 200 gazelles, 5 
Przhevalsky horses were sold to zoos and private collections, 822 gazelles were 
distributed, hunting products (gazelle) amounted to 128 heads. Currently, its area 
has been expanded to 7.1 thousand ha. The gazelle, Przhevalsky's horse, kulan, 
yorgatuvalok and other animals, included in the "Red Book" of Uzbekistan and the 
MSOP "Red Book" live in its territory. Work on breeding Bukhara sheep is being 
carried out at the "Jayron" eco-center. According to the latest estimate of the number 
of wild animals, there are 549 gazelles, 55 gazelles, 35 Przhevalsky horses, 9 
Bukhara sheep and one morkhor. In April and August 2007, 15 gazelles were sent 
to the Moscow Zoo and the Tajikistan National Park, respectively. In 2007, 360 wild 
duck eggs were laid in the incubator at "Sayhun" nature farm, and 200 ducklings 
were hatched, 5 geese and 45 mallards were obtained naturally. 400 kg of cultured 
fish species were grown in the lake. Entrepreneurs have established two private 
nurseries in the Republic of Uzbekistan. This is the first promising direction in the 
transfer of protected animal or plant species to private ownership in Uzbekistan. 1. 
"Emirates Birds Breeding" LLC breeding nursery in Bukhara region (Peshku 
district) (2007). 2. Nursery of "Emirates Center for Conservation of Houbara" LLC 
for breeding yorga-tuvalok in Navoi region (Karmana). Organization of ecotourism 
resources and national parks in the world. Based on the nature, content, principles, 
goals and tasks of ecotourism, its main resources can be classified as follows: 1. 
Natural areas untouched by human economic activity. 2. Natural areas that have been