Tourist resource studies and planning of touristicexcursions course work

 
1.2. Nature reserves of Uzbekistan
The territory of the nature reserve is strictly guarded with flora and fauna. Unique, 
unique natural landscapes are organized by the state in order to preserve and breed 
rare and endangered animal species. Human activities are prohibited in nature 
reserves. Only scientific research is allowed. The state reserves of Uzbekistan are 
the most strictly regulated type of protected natural areas, and are permanent 

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protection zones established to protect certain plant and animal species and 
ecosystems. All economic activities are prohibited in the reserves (except for 
controlled scientific research). Reserves belong to category I of the classification of 
protected areas of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Many 
species of animals included in the "Red Book" are protected in the reserves of the 
republic: khangul, morkhor, Seversov sheep, blue sable, Turkestan lynx, large 
predatory birds, insects. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, 9 state nature reserves and 
10 state nature reserves (zakaznik) were established48 (Table 4). These reserves are 
the main ecotourism objects in the development of ecotourism in our country. There 
are the following nature reserves in the Republic of Uzbekistan: Chotkal; Baday-
tokai; Hisar; Ground; Zarafshon; Qizilqum; Nurota; Surkhan; Book. It is known 
from the table that nature reserves are located in all natural regions of the country in 
Uzbekistan. Nature itself has created for us the possibilities of effective use of such 
favorable potential and conditions in the development of ecotourism. We need to 
solve the issues of using our state nature reserves not only for international tourism, 
but also for domestic tourism. Chotkal Biosphere Reserve49 was established in 
1947. It is part of the Ugom-Chotkal National Park and is located east of Tashkent 
and north of Angren. The total area is 35,724 ha, of which 6,586 ha are forests, 7,047 
ha are fields, and 81 ha are ponds. The reserve is located in the western part of the 
Chotkal ridge in the Tashkent region. The purpose of the reserve is to preserve the 
mountain ecosystems of Western Tien-Shan and environmental monitoring. The 
flora of the Chotkal reserve has 1168 species and is typical for the region. 6 species 
endemic to the Reserve grow here. 28 types of reserve plants are included in the 
"Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 44 species of mammals, more than 230 
species of birds, 16 species of reptiles and 2 species living in water and on land, 
more than 3 thousand species of invertebrates live here. One species of snake, 10 
species of birds and three species of mammals were included in the "Red Book" of 
the Republic of Uzbekistan
9
. Among the endangered lynx, blue woodpecker, forest 
squirrel, bats - small and large hawksbills and three-colored nightingales: taskara, 
9
Hayitboyev R., Pardayev O. Management of tourism. Samarkand.

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black dove, and red-tailed hawk are included in the "Red Book" of the Republic of 
Tajikistan. At the 9th meeting of the International Coordinating Council of the 
UNESCO MAB program, it was given the status of a biosphere. In 1993, it was 
included in the network of international biosphere reserves. Natural complexes that 
are of great importance for nature conservation, science and environmental 
education as part of the natural environment, common or rare landscape forms, or as 
places of conservation of plant and animal genetic resources in the status of a reserve 
protected area (land, underground resources, water, flora and fauna) has been 
protecting. 2. Hisar state reserve is located in the Kashkadarya region on the western 
slope of the Hisar ridge at an altitude of 1750 to 4349 m above sea level. It was 
established in 1983 as a result of the merger of two state reserves - Kyzilsuv and 
Miroqi reserves. Currently, this is the largest reserve in Uzbekistan. The total area is 
80986 hectares. In 1987, the Kohitong State Reserve was merged with the Arol-
Paygambar Reserve and was reorganized into the Surkhan State Reserve with a total 
area of 24,554 ha. The Kohitong area of the reserve is characterized as a mountain-
forest ecosystem. Its territory is located in the southwestern branches of the Pamir-
Aloy mountain system of the Hisar ridge, at an altitude of 1,500 to 3,157 m above 
sea level. The territory of the reserve has many permanent and temporary 
watercourses that provide a well-developed hydrographic system consisting of 
numerous small streams. Currently, 269 species and 578 plants belonging to 55 
families are registered in Kohitong, of which 23 plant species are included in the 
"Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The area occupied by terrestrial (forest, 
field, hill) plants is 16,620 ha (67.7%), the area occupied by stony slopes, spillways, 
slopes is 7,839 ha (31.9%), forests make up 9288 ha or 37.8% of the territory. The 
main forest-forming plant is Zarafshan fir. Currently, 1 type of fish, 2 types of 
amphibians, 26 types of reptiles, 74 types of birds and 23 types of mammals have 
been identified in Kohitong. 5. "Baday-tokai" state reserve was established in 
October 1971 as the sixth reserve in Uzbekistan and the first in Karakalpakstan in 
order to preserve the forest landscape and its fauna. The reserve was established in 
Beruniy and Kegayli districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan in order to preserve, 

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protect and breed the Bukhara deer in the international "Red Book", which is 
endemic to the animal world of our country, in the groves of the right bank of 
Kuyiamu Darya. 91 species of birds live in the reserve, 18 of which are wintering 
birds. In 1975, 4 Bukhara deer were brought to the reserve, now their number has 
increased to 350. The reserve was turned into an international biosphere reserve 
under the UN development project in Uzbekistan. The area is 6462 ha, in particular, 
3975 ha of forested land. Amudarya in Beruni and Kegayli districts 144145 located 
downstream. Forest groves occupy 70% of the area. The fauna includes more than 
91 species of birds, 15 species of mammals and 15 species of fish. "Badaytokai" 
state reserve deals with the acclimatization of Bukhara deer (hongul), included in 
the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the "Red Book" of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan, SITES II. 6. Zarafshan State Reserve was established in 1975 and is 
located in Samarkand region. Its territory starts from the peaks of Choponota and is 
a narrow ridge that stretches for 47 km along the right bank of the Zarafshan River. 
The width of the forest land is from 300 to 1500 m. The area of the reserve is 2352 
ha, of which 680 ha are covered with forest. The reserve was established for the 
purpose of preserving, protecting and breeding the most beautiful and unique 
hunting bird of our country - Zarafshan's warbler, medicinal shrub plant - chakanda, 
and orchard forests on the banks of the river. The purpose of creating the reserve is 
to restore and preserve the endangered beautiful Zarafshan pheasant, the valuable 
medicinal shrub - chakanda (oblepixa), and to carry out scientific research. About 
300 types of plants grow in a relatively small area of the reserve. 59 types of 
medicinal and 23 types of technical plants have been identified in the reserve. The 
fauna of the reserve is represented by 359 species, of which amphibians - 2, reptiles 
- 8, birds - 206, mammals - 24. There are 32 rare and endangered species. Since 
1995, work on the breeding of khangul has been carried out in Zarafshan State 
Reserve. In 1996, 6 Bukhara deer were brought from the "Badaytokai" reserve to the 
Zarafshan state reserve. Currently, more than a hundred Khanguls live in the territory 
of the reserve. Forest and field ecosystems are separated in the reserve; the area not 
covered by forest is 56678.1 ha; there are pastures; 171 correspond to rivers and 

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lakes; swamps 511 ha; spills on slopes and hillsides are 31,819 ha; there are roads, 
plows and cane fields. The main forest-forming plants of the reserve are spruces and 
hemispherical firs. In general, the plants in the protected area are typical for the 
mountains of Central Asia, and most of them are narrow endemic plants. According 
to some estimates, the total amount of vascular plant species is not less than 800-
900. No less than 32 types of vascular plants grow in the territory of the reserve from 
rare species included in the "Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The animal 
world of the reserve is rich, diverse and includes almost all species characteristic of 
mountain forests. The reserve is home to 2 types of fish, 19 types of amphibians and 
reptiles, 103 types of nesting birds, and 28 types of mammals. In the "Red Book" of 
the Republic of Uzbekistan, the polar bear, the lynx, the Turkestan lynx, the Iranian 
beaver, and the birds: the eagle, the bald eagle, the golden eagle, the golden eagle, 
and the little eagle are included. Osmontalash peak in the Kyzilsoy area is the highest 
point - more than 4000 m above sea level, and it is here that the Siberian sheep, 
ilvirs, wolverine and red sable live. Among the reptiles, there are suvilon, chiporilon, 
kalkantumshuk, kolvor, Turkestan agama and others. On the border with Tajikistan, 
one of the largest rivers of the reserve is located in the Oksuv basin, the highest peak 
of which is the Oqilon section. Its height ranges from 2500 to 4300 m above sea 
level. The largest Seversov glacier in Uzbekistan is located in this area. Hisar state 
reserve is part of the system of the State Committee for Nature Protection of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan and is managed by the State Biological Control. 4. Nurota 
State Reserve is located in the south-west of the Republic of Uzbekistan, on the 
Nurota Ridge in Forish District, Jizzakh Region located in the central part. It was 
established in 1975. The area of the reserve is 17,752 ha, of which 2,529 ha are 
covered with forest. The main goal of the reserve is to preserve the valuable species 
of walnut and protect the unique population of Seversov sheep. The flora of the 
reserve covers more than 600 (27 endemic) species. Earlier, the Nurota ridge was 
covered with spruce forests, but they were cut down in the last century. There are 
only about 30 spruces left in the reserve. The fauna of the reserve consists of 183 
species, of which 13 species are included in the "Red Book" of the Republic of 

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Uzbekistan. The Nurota state reserve is part of the system of the General Directorate 
of Forestry under the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Management of the 
Republic of Uzbekistan and is managed by the Department of Reserves, National 
Natural Parks and Hunting Farms. Ancient rock paintings have been preserved in 
the Osrafsoi of the reserve. There are 1000-year-old fir trees in Mujrumsoy. In the 
villages of Ukhum, Sintobsoy, and Ustun, the places associated with the name of 
Alexander Makedonsky, 1000-year-old trees have been registered under state 
protection. 4. Surkhan state reserve is located in the northwestern part of Sherabad 
district of Surkhandarya region and consists of two independent areas: Arol-
Pyghambar and Kohitong on the eastern slope of the mountain range. The Arol-
Pyghambar region with a total area of 3,092 ha was included in the International 
"Red Book" and the "Red Book" of Uzbekistan in 1971 in order to preserve the 
Bukhara reindeer (Khongul) and grassland and forest ecosystems
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. was established 
as a library.ancient traditions, art, culture and customs of the people living in this 
region.