Тупроқшунослик-ўқув қўлланма-лотин
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MUNDARIJA
So‘z boshi………………………………………………………………......... 5 I QISM UMUMIY TUPROQSHUNOSLIK: TUPROQNING KELIB CHIQISHI, TUZILISHI, TARKIBI VA XOSSALARI 1-bob Kirish. Tuproqshunoslik fanining obyekti, predmeti, o‘rganish usullari, rivojlanish tarixi, tarkibiy qismlarga bo‘linishi va tabiiy fanlar bilan bog‘liqligi………………………………………………………………............ 7 2-bob Tuproqning paydo bo‘lishiga turli jarayon va omillarning ta’siri................... 23 3-bob Tuproq qoplamining biosferadagi ekologik roli, uning atmosfera va litosferaga ta’siri.................................................................................................. 36 4-bob Tuproq qattiq, suyuq, gaz va biologik fazalardan iborat polidispers tizim sifatida………………………………………………………………………….. 40 5-bob Tuproqning morfologik tuzilishi........................................................................ 43 6-bob Tuproqning granulometrik tarkibi....................................................................... 48 7-bob Tuproqning mineralogik tarkibi.................................................................................. 52 8-bob Tuproqning kimyoviy tarkibi.............................................................................. 63 9-bob Tuproqning organik tarkibi................................................................................... 68 10-bob Tuproqning suv xossalari...................................................................................... 73 11-bob Tuproq eritmasi................................................................................................. 77 12-bob Tuproq havosining xossalari................................................................................ 79 13-bob Tuproqning singdirish sig‘imi va kolloidlari......................................................... 83 14-bob Tuproqning kislotalik va ishqorlik sharoitlari....................................................... 91 15-bob Tuproqdagi oksidlanish va qaytarilish jarayonlari................................................. 94 16-bob Tuproqning radioaktivligi.................................................................................... 95 17-bob Tuproqning issiqlik xossalari............................................................................... 97 18-bob Tuproqning fizik-mexanik xossalari.................................................................. 98 19-bob Tuproqning donadorligi....................................................................................... 100 20-bob Tuproqning unumdorligi..................................................................................... 103 II QISM TUPROQ HOSIL QILUVCHI SHAROITLAR. 21-bob Tuproq hosil qiluvchi sharoitlar va ularning tabiiy mintaqalarga bog‘liqligi…. 105 22-bob Katta geologik doira bo‘ylab aylanayotgan moddalarning tuproq hosil bo‘lishidagi roli.................................................................................................. 109 23-bob Kichik biologik doira bo‘ylab harakat qiladigan kimyoviy moddalarning tuproq hosil bo‘lishidagi ahamiyati.................................................................... 111 24-bob Tuproq hosil bo‘lish jarayonlari.......................................................................... 113 25-bob Tuproq hosil bo‘lish rejimi.................................................................................. 114 26-bob Moddalarning tuproq hosil bo‘lishidagi balansi................................................. 116 III QISM TUPROQ SISTEMATIKASI, TASNIFI VA TIPLARI. 27-bob Tuproq sistematikasi majmualari........................................................................ 119 28-bob Kam rivojlangan yupqa qatlamli tuproqlar......................................................... 122 29-bob Chimli tuproqlar.................................................................................................. 125 30-bob Gidromorf tuproqlar............................................................................................ 129 31-bob Kriogen tuproqlar................................................................................................ 131 32-bob Nordon siallitli tuproqlar.................................................................................... 134 H. Х.Тursunov. Тuproqshunoslik 4 33-bob Neytral smektit-siallit izogumusli tuproqlar...................................................... 136 34-bob Sho‘rlangan va ishqoriy tuproqlar....................................................................... 139 35-bob Arid mintaqalarining karbonatli va gipslashgan tuproqlari............................... 140 36-bob Fersiallitli tuproqlar............................................................................................. 143 37-bob Ferrallit tuproqlar................................................................................................ 144 38-bob Vulqon otilishi jarayonida hosil bo‘lgan tuproqlar............................................. 146 39-bob Tog‘ tuproqlari................................................................................................... 148 40-bob Tuproq eroziyasi................................................................................................. 149 41-bob Antropogen tuproqlar......................................................................................... 152 42-bob Tuproqning pestitsidlar va og‘ir metallar bilan ifloslanishi............................. 155 43-bob Orol fojiasining atrof-muhit va tuproq qoplamiga ta’siri.............................. 159 44-bob Tuproq bonitirovkasi, baholash va kadastri........................................................ 160 Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro‘yhati ........................................................... 163 |
