Udk: – 004 the role of modern information technologies and software products in the digital transformation of the agricultural complex

UDK: – 004
THE ROLE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SOFTWARE PRODUCTS IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX

Qutlimuratov Yu.Q.¹, Khojanova A.J.¹, Yerkabaev O’.N.¹

¹Nukus branch of Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi


Summary: This article analyzes the changes in the agro-industrial complex aimed at developing the national digital economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan through the introduction of modern technologies and new methods of information processing, as well as the main tasks for the development of digitalization in the agro-industrial complex.


Key words: digital technologies, agriculture, economic development, Big Data, digital transformation.
Introduction
World practice and experience of successful domestic agricultural manufacturers show that the use of modern digital technologies allows you to create optimal conditions that provide significant increase in productivity and labor productivity, decrease in material costs for fuels and lubricants, electricity, plant protection products, wages and other types of expenses, maintaining soil fertility and protecting environment.
The national program "Digital Uzbekistan-2030", developed in the context of the implementation of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the period up to 2030" dated October 5, 2020 No. 6079, outlined the scale of the tasks facing society and the main directions of digitalization of spheres of activity, giving an additional impetus to the study of digital transformations of socio-economic systems of various levels.
Main part
As President Sh. Mirziyoyev repeatedly noted in his speeches, one of the main tasks of the consistent socio-economic development of Uzbekistan is the widespread introduction of ICT and digital technologies. This is precisely the area that represents an effective tool that can ensure high-quality reform of economic sectors and spheres of public life. In recent years in the field of development of the digital economy, a number of resolutions and Decrees of the President have been adopted [1-3]. The problem of the digital economy and digital transformation, as well as its development in various areas of human activity, are reflected in books [4] and articles [5].
One of the central places in the January Address of President Sh. Mirziyoyev to the Parliament and people of Uzbekistan in 2020 was given to issues of digital development. It is also symbolic that 2020 in Uzbekistan was declared the Year of the Development of Science, Education and the Digital Economy. It was during this period that the fundamental documents were adopted that laid the legal foundation for further digital reforms [7].
On April 28, 2020, the Decree of the President of Uzbekistan "On measures for the widespread introduction of the digital economy and e-government" was adopted for № DP-4699 [2]. This document outlines a range of topical issues related to the widespread introduction of digital technologies in the work of domestic enterprises and public services, the preparation IT-specialists, comprehensive support for IT-businesses and many others.
The logical continuation of these works was the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On approval of the Strategy "Digital Uzbekistan-2030" and measures for its effective implementation" dated October 5, 2020. The large-scale policy document includes "road maps" for the digital transformation of priority economic sectors and regions [3].
The fourth direction of the Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev for 2023 focused on issues related to ecology, especially water issues becoming a global problem. Among the main issues of the fourth direction is the need to strengthen the requirements for the protection of natural resources, including water bodies and underground reserves, as well as the introduction of a system of transparent water accounting, in this regard, the water management facility will be digitized [6].
Today, digital technologies come to the aid of farmers and agronomists in agriculture. Big data and its analysis help to determine the favorable time for planting or harvesting, calculate the fertilizer supply scheme, monitor, predict the harvest, and much more. Digital technologies allow you to control the full cycle of crop production. Smart devices measure and transmit soil, plant and microclimate parameters. The data received from sensors, satellite images, drones, weather stations and other equipment form Big Data and are analyzed by special applications, placed on the geoportal [9].
In particular, in December 2020, the "Smart Agriculture" technology development strategy and the "Action Plan for the implementation of the Smart Agriculture technology development strategy in the period 2021-2023" were approved, providing for four main areas: digitalization of agriculture; automation of management and monitoring processes; support for business start-up projects in the agricultural sector; accounting of water resources [9].
At the same time, in the structure of the central office of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Department for the Development of Digital Technologies in the Agrarian Sphere and the State Institution "Center for Digitalization of the Agro-Industry" were created, which are responsible for the issues of the accelerated program for the development of digitalization in the industry, the introduction of digital solutions in the agricultural sector that contribute to control and maintaining food security, water resources management, state support in providing subsidies, concessional financing, modern information technologies and software products [9].
 By the end of 2021 year, the Center for Digitalization of Agro-Industry under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan launched 5 information systems and portals, such as the "E-IJARA TANLOV" system, on the basis of which agricultural land will be allocated, the Geographic Information System based on "ArcGIS software" , the information system Agro-subsidy to support agricultural producers, "Register of agricultural machinery" and a new version of the official website of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
In 2022-2023, it is planned to launch and launch 5 more electronic systems, namely the IS "Agroplatform", the agro-trading portal "Marketplace", the project "Smart campus" at the Tashkent State Agrarian University, the Rubicon Water Resources Management System, the Digital Agriculture Unified Integration Platform, which will become the basis for creating an ecosystem for farmers - more than 150 types of interactive services and services. The introduction of these innovative solutions will simplify and optimize business activities in the agro-industrial complex, facilitate document flow and receive interactive services, increase the transparency of processes in the agricultural industry, and most importantly, increase productivity and marginality in the agro-industrial complex [9].
In order to efficiently use land and water resources in agriculture, a geoportal was created, which was launched in November last year - 24 million hectares of land were digitized, an interactive map was created. In addition to information that farmers and entrepreneurs can use, it is planned to launch a number of services provided by drones. The use of such technologies will reduce the cost of agricultural work by almost half.