Unit 1 the simple present s + V(e)s + O

You are not supposed to do something>>=It is not allowed or advisable(Biror ish qilishingizga mumkin emas)
You are not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
Mr.Bond is much better after his illness but he’s still not supposed to do any heavy work.(his doctors have advised him not to ….)


UNIT 19. INDIRECT SPEECH/REPORTED SPEECH

1. 
   Birovning aynan keltrilgan gapi –Ko’chirma gap(Direct speech) deyiladi. Ko’chirma gapni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirish uchun quyidagi qoidalarga amal qilinadi:
   

1. 
   Asosiy fe’llar ,yordamchi fe’llar va modal fe’llar o’zgaradi:
   

Pressent Simple	Past Simple	Past Perfect
see	saw	had seen
am/is/are	was/were	had been
can	could	could have
Direct I said: “ I saw John ”
Reported I said (that) I had seen John

Present Future	Past Future
will	would
To be going to	Was going to

2. 
   Olmoshlar o’zgaradi:
   

I →he/she here→there these→those
my→his/her this→that
Hilola said, “I want to go to New York next year.”
Hilola told me that she wanted to go to New York next year.

3. 
   Payt ravishlari o’zgaradi:
   

Tomorrow-→the next day/the following day
yesterday→the day before
last night →the night before
John said: “ I saw Mary yesterday”
John said that he had seen Mary the day before.

2. 
   Ishlatilish qoidalari:
   

1. 
   Agar muallif gapi o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa, u holda yuqoridagi<> qoida bo’yicha ishlatiladi:
   

Peter said: “ I agree” → Peter said he agreed

2. 
   Asosiy so’roq so’zli gapni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirish uchun so’roq so’zdan keyin ega va kesim ishlatiladi:
   

Question word + S + V + …

Peter said: “ What is the time ?”
Peter said what the time was

3. 
   Yordamchi fe’lli so’roq so’zni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirish uchun if/wheather so’zlaridan keyin Ega va kesim ishlatiladi:
   

Peter said : “ Do you come?”
Peter said if/wheaher I came.

4. 
   Agar muallif gapi hozirgi zamonda bo’lsa, u holda zamonlarda o’zgarish sodir bo’lmaydi:
   

Brenda says: “ I’m arriving at about 6:30”
Brenda said he is arriving at about 6:30

5. 
   Iltimos va buyruqlar gaplar darak gapda “to V” shakli bilan, inkor gaplarda esa “ not to V” shakli bilan o’zgaradi:
   

He told me: “Goaway “ → He told me to go away
“Don’t cry “ he told me → He told me not to cry
He told me: “Please, don’t cry” → He told me not to cry

6. 
   Qo’shma gaplarda asosan 1-gapdagi fe’l o’zgaradi:
   

“ I was walking home when I saw the accident “ James said.
James said he had been walking home when he saw accident.

NOTE: Qo’shma gaplarda o’zlashtirma gaplarda ikkinchi fe’lni o’zgartirsa ham , o’zgartrmasa ham bo’laveradi.

3. 
   SAY/TELL
   

TELL	SAY
S + tell + somebody+(that)+ S + V She told me that she would be late.	S + say + (that) + S +V She said that she would be late
S + tell + somebody+to+V I told children to go away	S + say +to + somebody… And I said to all the people of this country …
	S + say+ something Ann said goodbye to me.

NOTE:“Tell “ (aytib bermoq) fe’li so’z, ism, gap, frazalardan keyin ishlatilmaydi, buning uchun “say” fe’lidan foydalanamiz:

Alice said a naughty word this morning(not: told)

• 
  Ammo quyidagi birikmalar bilan faqat tell ishlatiladi:
  

Tell the truth tell the time tell the difference
Tell a lie tell a joke/story