Unit 12 answers for 14

Unit 12

ANSWERS FOR 14^th LESSON’S HOMETASKS.

Part 1: Language development

Exercise 1

1. 
   photo b; [rush hour]; traffic jams
   
2. 
   photo a; commute; crowded
   
3. 
   photo d; fare; service
   
4. 
   photo c; abroad; pollution
   

Exercise 2

2. 
   travelling
   
3. 
   finding
   
4. 
   to travel
   
5. 
   raising
   
6. 
   to change
   
7. 
   to see
   
8. 
   to commute
   

Exercise 3

2. 
   decided to walk
   
3. 
   choose / chose to walk
   
4. 
   appear to feel
   
5. 
   to resist using
   

Exercise 4

2. 
   Pollution
   
3. 
   Public transport
   
4. 
   Cars
   
5. 
   a passport
   
6. 
   the Internet
   

Part 2: Skills development

Exercise 1

Exercise 3

Suggested answers: (The order of paragraphs here is the correct order for a structure 1 problem and solution essay.)

1. 
   Paragraph В = Introduction: Public transport is essential for going to and from work and school. However it can be expensive and crowded. In my opinion it needs better planning. This essay will describe the problems involved in public transport and suggest possible solutions.
   
2. 
   Paragraph С = Problem 1 + solutions: Firstly, there is a problem with the cost of public transport. Fares can be very high and so people do not use it and drive cars instead. As a result, the number of cars on the roads increases. In my opinion, fares should be reduced for some people, such as old people and students. Many people also think that driving should be made more expensive. For example, cars could be taxed more and parking could be more expensive. This will make public transport cheaper.
   
3. 
   Paragraph A = Problem 2 + solutions: Another problem is that sometimes public transport offers poor, slow service. For example, buses and trains stop too frequently which makes journeys slow. Also, there are bad links between buses and trains. Furthermore, there is often a lack of public transport in the countryside. One solution is for buses to have fast lanes on roads and to follow fast routes, without too many stops. Timetables should also be coordinated better. Some people think that country travellers should have cheaper fares.
   

Paragraph D = Conclusion: Although there are many challenges in public transport, there are solutions, and overall I think that public transport which is properly planned is a good thing
Exercise 4

First of all, air travel is a major causes cause of air pollution. The number of flights have has increased dramatically over the last thirty years because people travel more for business, holidays and to visit friends and family. The pollution from air travel contributes significant significantly to climate change. To reduce the effect of air travel on the environment, governments should spend most more money on scientific research. Scientists must try to find a different type of fuel which does not harming harm the environment as much. In addition, governments could offer tax reduce reductions to airline companies that are more environmentally friendly.

Exercise 5
1 e	cheap
2 a	forms
3 b	to charge
4 f	would
5 с	the (= zero article)
6 d	takes

Part 3: Exam Practice

Task 2: Model answer

Many countries in the world rely on motorways for speedy and efficient transportation, as they are a very convenient way of travelling long distances. However, motorways also have negative aspects such as dangerous traffic, damage to the environment and pollution. In this essay, I will look at some of the problems of motorways and how they can be overcome.

One major problem of motorways is that they can be dangerous. In many countries, the speed limit on motorways is very high. This means that any accidents are more likely to be serious and involve many vehicles. Sometimes in bad weather, several vehicles crash into each other and many people are killed or injured.

This problem could be solved in a number of ways. People could have special lessons on how to drive safely on motorways. In addition, special signs could be displayed when driving conditions are bad to make people drive more slowly and safely. Alternatively

Secondly, motorways can spoil the environment. Motorways often go through beautiful areas and may damage plants and wildlife. This problem could be avoided by building motorways through less beautiful areas or putting some sections in tunnels.

In addition, the large amount of traffic on motorways produces both air pollution and noise pollution. However, governments could help to reduce air pollution by making environmentally-friendly cars cheaper. Noise pollution could be reduced by changing motorway surfaces or by putting up sound­proof fences.

Despite the problems of motorways, they are necessary and useful. With careful preparation and planning, the problems they cause could be reduced. People today