THEME: “AIRPORTS AND TRAVEL”
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF FINANCE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
ISFT – 2022
Student: IBROHIMOVA DURDONA
Group: FLK 03
Teacher: HUSANOVA NAFOSAT
SELF STUDY
OBJECTIVES: - 2.1 DISCUSS 8 FREEDOMS OF THE AIR
- 2.2 DESCRIBE THE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA)
- 2.3 DEFINE INTERLINE TRAVEL
- 2.4. DEFINE CITY, AIRPORT & AIRLINE CODES
- 2.5 CALCULATE INTERNTIONAL TIME
Traveling out of your country - Border: line that separates countries
- each country owns the land, ocean, and airspace within its borders
- An airline must have the country’s permission to fly in its airspace
- International air traffic agreements specify frequency of flights & number of air routes
- These regulations were established by the United Nations in 1944 (UN)
8 Freedoms of the Air - Fly through the airspace of another country without landing
- Land in another country for technical reasons ( emergency, refuel, repairs)
- Fly from one country to another country to drop off passengers and cargo
- Pick up passengers and cargo from one country and fly them back to the originating country
8 Freedoms of the Air - Fly from Country A to pick up passengers and cargo in Country B and drop them off in Country C
- Fly between two countries other than the country of origin and make stop over in the country of origin
- Fly between 2 countries other than the country of origin with no stopover in the country of origin
- Fly solely within another country
NATIONAL AIRLINES - Many countries have a national airline
- These carry the colors of their countries’ flags on the tail sections or fuselage of the plane
- These airlines are called Flag Carriers
- EXAMPLE: Lufthansa is from Germany
- Egyptair is the flag carrier of Egypt
INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION - IATA: founded in 1945
- Principal governing body of worldwide airline operations
- Regulates international air traffic
- Sets safety standards
- Sets flight schedules
- Sets reservation, passenger and baggage regulations
- Investigates accidents
ENGLISH LANGUAGE - English is the universal language of the travel industry
- The universal aviation code is written in English and is used by travel agents and aviation workers to minimize errors when spelling names of passengers
UNIVERSAL AVIATION CODE A-Alpha H-Hotel O-Oslo V-Victor B-Bravo I-India P-Papa W-Whiskey D-Delta K-Kilo R-Romeo Y-Yankee E-Echo L-Lima S-Sierra Z-Zulu F-Foxtrot M-Mike T-Tango G-Golf N-November U-Uniform INTERLINE TRAVEL - Interline travel: where passengers are able to fly on different carriers during their trip
- Interline agreement means two or more airlines have agreed to transport the other’s passengers and baggage at connecting points
- Airlines accept tickets of other airlines
- 3 AREAS OF TRAVEL
- Areas are called Traffic Conferences
- Used to establish airfare prices and flying zones
TRAFFIC CONFERENCES - Area 1 or TC 1: Western Hemisphere or WH includes:
- North America
- Central America (excluding Panama)
- South America ( including Panama)
- The Caribbean
- Greenland
- Bermuda
TRAFFIC CONFERENCES - Area 2 or TC 2: Europe and Africa which includes:
- Europe (including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Russia west of the Ural Mountains)
- The Middle East ( including Egypt and Sudan)
- Africa (Excluding Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia)
TRAFFIC CONFERENCES - Area 3 or TC 3: Australasia which includes:
- Asia (including Russia east of the Ural Mountains)
- Australia
- New Zealand
- The South Pacific
CITY, AIRPORT, & AIRLINE CODES - IATA assigns codes to distinguish cities, airports, and airlines around the world
- A three-letter location code identifies a city or an airport
- example: BUE=Buenos Aires, Argentina
CAI= Cairo, Egypt LON= London, England PAR= Paris, France SIN= Singapore, Singapore CITY AND AIRPORT CODES - Some city and airport codes are formed by using three letters from the city’s name
- Example: BKK=Bangkok, Thailand
NBO=Nairobi, Kenya TYO=Tokyo, Japan ZRH=Zurich, Switzerland AIRLINE CODES - Airline codes are often difficult to recognize
- Example: AT=Royal Air Moroc
AZ=Alitalia BA=British Airways JL=Japan Air Lines MS=Egypt Air LA=Lan Chile AIR FARES & ROUTES - Fares differ depending on air routes
- All directions of travel have a 2-letter code
- Example: AF=via Africa
AP=via the Atlantic & Pacific AT=via the Atlantic EU=via Europe PO=via North Pole WH=Western Hemisphere
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