- Its origin was stipulated by the discovery of Sanskrit, the ancient classical language of India. The discovery of Sanskrit disclosed the possibility of a comparative study of languages. The concept of relative languages was confirmed by the existence in India of a sisterhood of familiar European languages: e.g. Sanskrit «mata» means «mother», in the accusative case «matarum».Dvau-two, Trayah – three. As ti - he is, etc.
- Genetic Typology compares the systems of languages in two ways: diachronically and synchronically.
Areal Typology compares language systems and studies the degree of expansion and proximity of language properties which are geographically conditioned. - Areal Typology compares language systems and studies the degree of expansion and proximity of language properties which are geographically conditioned.
- Objects of study include borrowings, bi-lingual features, dialects, centum/satem languages, compiling dialectal maps, sub-stratum and super-stratum languages, neologisms, archaisms, hybrid languages, language contacts .
- The representatives of this school are Roman Jacobson and Ghak V.G.
- Languages of the Indo-European Group are classified as either centum or satem , according to how the dorsal consonants
- ( sounds of K and G type ) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) developed.
- In centum Languages they typically begin with a [k] sound,in satem with [S]
- The centum languages are all in the west or south-west(Celtic, Germanic ,Venetic, Italic,Greek) and the satem languages are in the East.
Structural typology - aims to identify structural language types. Structural typology has 4 branches:
- 1. Language universals;
- 2. Typological classification;
- 3. Ethalon language;
- 4.Typological theory.
- The ultimate goal of Structural typology is identifying universal features of lan-guages. Major scholars who contributed to the development of structural typology are B. Uspenskiy, V.R Nedyalkov, Ch. Hockette, Yu.Rojdestvenskiy.
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