Uzbekistan State World Languages University ma course “ Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology” Academic year 2022-2023 /3rd

To kick the bucket- to die. You use the phrase 'Kick the Bucket' to indicate that someone has died. Example of use: “Every one of us will kick the bucket someday.” The literal meaning of this phrase is of course knocking over a bucket using one's leg. But what does that have to do with its actual meaning which is "to die"? The story behind this phrase: In ancient history, the wooden mount that was used to hang livestock up by their feet for slaughter was named a bucket. Not surprisingly, the animals in most cases used to tussle or shudder once dead and therefore 'kick the bucket'.

Some euphemisms use images causing ironical or jocular attitude: ‘to kick the bucket’, ‘to hop the twig/porch’, which are usually referred to informal vocabulary.

87. 
    What secondary ways of forming phraseological units do you know? Give examples
    

Secondary ways of forming PhUs are on the basis of another phraseological unit, such as:
Conversion, for example “to vote with one’s feet” was converted into “vote with one feet”;
Changing the grammar form, as in “make hay while the sun shines” which is transferred into a verbal phrase – “to make hay while the sun shines”;
By analogy, for example “curiosity killed the cat” was transferred into “care killed the cat”;
By borrowing phraseological units from other languages, either as translation loans, for example “living space”, “to take the bull by the horns” or by means of phonetic borrowings “carte blanche” etc.
Phonetic borrowings among phraseological units refer to the bookish style and are not used very often: ad hoc, entre nous, etc.

88. 
    What is the category of modality? How can it be expressed by PhUs?
    

Modality is a category of linguistic meaning having to do mainly with the expression of possibility and necessity;
Modality is about a speaker’s or a writer’s attitude towards the world. A speaker or writer can express certainty, possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity and ability by using modal words and expressions.
• Modal auxiliary verbs, such as words may, can, must, ought, will, shall, need, dare, might, could, would, and should, are often used to express modality;
• Modal PhUs include set phrases which express confirmation, negation, doubt, truthfulness, supposition, necessity, probability, improbability, etc.