Вивчаючи статистику

Inferential statistics—The branch of statistics that analyzes sample data to draw conclusions about a population.
Level of significance—Probability of committing a type I error.
Mean—The balance point in a set of data that is calculated by summing the observed numerical values in a set of data and then dividing by the number of values involved.
Mean squares—The variances in an analysis-of-variance table.
Median—The middle value in a set of data that has been ordered from the lowest to highest value.
Mode—The value in a set of data that appears most frequently.
Mutually exclusive events—events are mutually exclusive if both events cannot occur at the same time.
Normal distribution—The normal distribution is defined by its mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) and is bell-shaped.
Normal probability plot—A graphical device for helping to evaluate whether a set of data follows a normal distribution.
Null hypothesis—A statement about a parameter equal to a specific value, or the statement that there is no difference between the parameters for two or more populations.
Numerical variables—The values of these variables involve a counted or measured value.
Observed frequency—Actual tally in a particular cell of a cross-classification table.
p-chart—Used to study a process that involves the proportion of items with a characteristic of interest.
p-value—The probability of getting a test statistic equal to or more extreme than the result obtained from the sample data, given that the null hypothesis H0 is true.
Paired samples—Items are matched according to some characteristic and the differences between the matched values are analyzed.
Parameter—A numerical measure that describes a characteristic of a population.
Pareto diagram—A special type of bar chart in which the count, amount, or percentage of responses of each category are presented in descending order left to right, along with a superimposed plotted line that represents a running cumulative percentage.