Вивчаючи статистику

Sampling—The process by which members of a population are selected for a sample.
Sampling distribution—The distribution of a sample statistic (such as the arithmetic mean) for all possible samples of a given size n.
Sampling error—Variation of the sample statistic from sample to sample.
Sampling with replacement—A sampling method in which each selected item is returned to the frame from which it was selected so that it has the same probability of being selected again.
Sampling without replacement—A sampling method in which each selected item is not returned to the frame from which it was selected. Using this technique, an item can be selected no more than one time.
Scatter plot—A chart that plots the values of two variables for each response. In a scatter plot, the X-axis (the horizontal axis) always represents units of one variable, and the Y-axis (the vertical axis) always represents units of the second variable.
Simple linear regression—A statistical technique that uses a single numerical independent variable X to predict the numerical dependent variable Y.
Simple random sampling—The probability sampling process in which every individual or item from a population has the same chance of selection as every other individual or item.
Six Sigma management —A method for breaking processes into a series of steps in order to eliminate defects and produce near perfect results.
Skewness—A skewed distribution is not symmetric. There are extreme values either in the lower portion of the distribution or in the upper portion of the distribution.
Slope—The change in Y per unit change in X.
Special causes of variation—Represent large fluctuations or patterns in the data that are not inherent to a process.
Standard deviation—Measure of variation around the mean of a set of data.
Standard error of the estimate—The standard deviation around the line of regression.