We may share a basic language with chimps
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We may share a basic language with chimps
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- Some common hand gestures may be shared by all great apes
- 52% of the time people can identify an ape hand signal’s meaning
We may share a basic language with chimps We seem to have a natural ability to communicate with chimps. When tested, people can usually understand 10 common hand gestures used by chimpanzees. Human infants use some of these same gestures before they can talk, although we don’t know if their meanings are the same. Some common hand gestures may be shared by all great apes The gestures may be the remnants of a basic sign language used by our last common ancestors with other apes, says Kirsty Graham, who did the work with colleagues while at the University of St Andrews, UK. “This gestural communication is probably biologically inherited among the great apes – including humans, ” she says. One idea about language evolution is that we developed the ability to speak by building on a kind of sign language. To investigate, Graham and her colleagues have been recording the gestures of gorillas, chimps and bonobos. So far, they have found 70 or so, with about 16 different meanings, as several gestures can convey the same message. Most are shared by these three great apes. The team set up a website called the Great Ape Dictionary where the public could watch video clips of 10 common signs made by chimps and bonobos, and choose what each one meant from four options. 52% of the time people can identify an ape hand signal’s meaning By chance, they should get a quarter of the answers right. But they picked correctly 52 per cent of the time, rising to 57 per cent if given a brief description of the situation in which the gesture was used. Some signals – such as a chimp stroking near its mouth, which means it is asking for food – were correctly matched over 80 per cent of the time. Graham presented the findings at the European Federation of Primatology meeting in Oxford, UK. In a previous study, Adrian Soldati at St Andrews looked at whether preverbal children used such signals. “Adults don’t need to use gestures so much because spoken language is so powerful,” he says. He and his team filmed 13 German and Ugandan infants between 1 and 2 years old interacting with caregivers They defined gestures as discrete movements during periods of communication that achieve nothing physically – so it didn’t count if a child pulled their parent towards an object, for instance, but it did if they gave a small, ineffectual tug. Sometimes, the children seemed to succeed at achieving their goal, but not always. The group recorded 52 kinds of gestures, about 90 per cent of which are also seen in chimps. Although they didn’t have enough material to systematically study if the children’s gestures meant the same as those of the apes, Soldati noticed a few such cases. For example, if a child – or chimp – reaches out with palm uppermost, they are asking for something. “They have this similar toolkit of gesture types that, at least in some of the cases, they used for similar goals,” says Soldati. “We kind of inherited this repertoire.” But there could be other explanations for the way adults can understand ape gestures, says Thibaud Gruber at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. “Humans can also recognise vocalisations, for example, a strident highpitched call signals danger. You don’t have to invoke [ancestry], acoustics explains it. Some of these gestures are pretty obvious and self-exp lanatory.” Download 454.36 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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