Written and spoken

 
Disadvantage of Written Language: 
1. It fails to establish and maintain direct role of relationships with the reader. 
2. In written language there is no proximity between the writer and reader. 
3. Written language does not take place in some context of situations. So it is not 
supported by extra linguistics elements including all is the surrounded. 
4. Written language does not contain interactive markers and planning filler and thus 
makes the communication less effective. 
5. It misses the para-linguistic expression and immediate reaction of the situation. So its 
effect is slow. 
Spoken Discourse 
Advantage of Spoken Discourse: 
1. Spoken discourse takes in some context of situation and hence is supported by extra-
linguistic elements including all in the surrounding. 
2. In a face to face interaction, the interlocutor can reformulate his/her language 
according to the situation or taking into consideration the reaction shown by the other 
interlocutor. 
3. While speaking, the speaker has available to him/her the full range of ‘voice quality’ 
efforts as well as paralinguistic expressions. 
4. In a conversation, non-linguistic events naturally contribute to spoken language and 
make it lively. 
5. Spoken discourse is only interactional. 
6. Finally, spoken language contains interactive markers and planning ‘filers’ and thus 
makes communication effective. 
Disadvantage of Spoken Discourse: 

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1. It does not maintain strict grammatical rules. So, grammatical mistakes are occurred 
often. 
2. It is devoid of the transactional function of the language. 
3. Spoken language cannot express emotions, sentiments and feelings. 
4. Spoken language cannot be checked, changed or reformulated if it is once uttered. 
5. It is the primary form of language. So, it is non-visible and it has no written document 
to prove. 
6. Spoken language is less planned rather than written language. So it would be affected 
on listeners if it is badly uttered. 

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