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Task 2. R ead and retell the text
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Task 2. R ead and retell the text
Distribution is the process o f making a product or service available for the consumer or business user who needs it, and a distributor is a business involved in the distribution stage o f the value chain. This can be done directly by the producer or service provider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. Distribution (or place) is one o f the four elements o f the marketing mix: the other three elements being product, pricing, and promotion. Decisions about distribution need to be taken in line with a company's overall strategic vision and mission. Developing a coherent distribution plan is a central component o f strategic planning. At the strategic level, there are three broad approaches to distribution, namely mass, selective and exclusive distribution. The num ber and type o f intermediaries selected largely depend on the strategic approach. The overall distribution channel should add value to the consumer. Distribution is fundamentally concerned with ensuring that products reach target customers in the most direct and cost- efficient manner. In the case o f services, distribution is principally concerned with access.[1] Although distribution, as a concept, is relatively simple, in practice distribution m anagem ent may involve a diverse range o f activities and disciplines including detailed logistics, transportation, warehousing, storage, inventory m anagement as well as channel managem ent including selection o f channel m em bers and rewarding distributors Task 3. Give yo u r idea on the topic: “ Business is a combination o f war and sport?” What is the difference between CV and cover letter? T ask 2. R ead and retell the text. Anything that people are willing to accept in exchange for goods can serve as money. At various times in history, cattle, salt, animal hides, gems, and tobacco have been used as medium s o f exchange. Each o f these items has certain characteristics that it better or worse than others for use as money. Cattle, for example, are difficult, to transport, but they are durable. G em s are easy to carry, but they are not easy to split into small pieces to use. The table below lists the major characteristics that to some degree all items used as money must have. Alm ost any item that meets most o f these criteria can be and probably has been used as money. Precious metals, however, particularly gold and silver, are especially well suited as mediums o f exchange, and have often been used as such throughout history. It is only in more recent times that paper money has been widely used as a medium o f exchange. Mediums o f exchange such as cattle and gems are considered commodity money. They have a value as a commodity, or good, aside from their value as money. Cattle are used for food and transportation. Gems are used for jewelry. Representative money is money backed by - exchangeable for - some com modity, such as gold or silver. It is not in itself valuable for non-money uses, but it can be exchanged for some valuable item. Like commodity money, the amount o f representative money circulation, or in use by people, is limited because it is linked to some scarce good, such as gold. Download 0.73 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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