Yefim Gordon and Bill Gunston obe fraes midland Publishing
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- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Soviet X-Planes in colour
- Ye-4 with RD-9I engine Centre: Mikoyan Ye-2A
- Sukhoi
- Sukhoi S-22I
- Three views of the Sukhoi S-37, the lower two taken at the MAKS-99 air show.
Type 150 Purpose: Experimental jet bomber. Design Bureau: OKB-1, Podberez'ye and later at Kimry, General Director from October 1948 S M Alekseyev. The first official history of OKB-1 to be pub- lished (in Kryl'ya Rodiny for December 1987, written by I Sultanov) stated that it was led by Alekseyev, whose own OKB had been closed, and that this aircraft was 'designed in close collaboration with CAHI (TsAGI), the leading experts on aerodynamics and struc- tures being V N Belyayev, AI Makarevskii, G P Svishchev and S A Khristianovich'. At the end it briefly noted that 'a group from Ger- many, led by B Baade, participated...' It would have been more accurate to explain that OKB-1 was specifically formed on 22nd October 1946 in order to put to use several hundred German design engineers, led by Prof Brunolf Baade and Hans Wocke, who had been forcibly taken with their families to a location 120km east of Moscow where they were put to work in a single large office block. For the first three years they were fully occu- pied on the Types 131 and 140 described pre- viously. However, mainly because of doubts that the forward-swept wing would ever be made to work, even before they left Germany they had completed preliminary drawings for a bomber of similar size but with a conven- tional backswept wing. By 1948 this had be- come an official OKB-1 project, called 150. The original Chief Designer was P N Obrubov, but Alekseyev took his place when he arrived. Workers were increasingly transferred to the 150, which grew in size and weight from the original 25 tonnes to produce a bomber inter- mediate between the IL-28 and Tu-16. The brief specification issued by the WS called for a take-off weight between 38 and 47 tonnes, a maximum speed rising from 790 km/h at sea level to 970km/h at 5km, a service ceiling of 12.5km and a range varying with bomb load from 1,500 to 4,500km (932 to 2,796 miles). Only a single flight article was funded, and this had to wait a year for its en- gines. At last it was flown by Ya I Vernikov on 14th May 1951. On Flight 16 on 9th May 1952 the aircraft stalled on the landing approach, and though the aircraft was marginally re- pairable nobody bothered, because of the clearly greater potential of the Tu-88 (proto- type Tu-16). The dice were in any case loaded against a German-designed aircraft. In late 1953 Baade and most of the Germans re- turned to their own country, where in Dres- den they formed a company called VEB which used the Type 150 as the [highly unsuitable] basis for the BB-152 passenger airliner. A modern all-metal aircraft, the 150 had a shoulder-high wing with a fixed leading edge swept at 35°. As this wing had hardly any taper the tips were extraordinarily broad, leaving plenty of room for slim fairings housing the re- tracted tip landing gears. The concept of tan- dem centreline landing gears with small wheels at the wingtips had been evaluated with Alekseyev's own I-215D. At rest the wing had anhedral of-4°, reduced to about -1° 20' in flight. Each wing had two shallow fences from the leading edge to the slotted flap. Out- board were three-part ailerons. The fuselage was of circular section, tapering slightly aft of the wing to oval. Fixed seats were provided in the pressurized forward section for two pilots, a navigator/bombardier and a radio operator who also had periscopic control of a dorsal turret with two NR-23 cannon. Under the floor was the RPB-4 navigation/bombing radar, with twin landing lamps recessed in the front. Behind this was the steerable twin-wheel nose gear. Next came the large bomb bay, 2.65m (8ft Sin) wide and high and 7m (23ft) 223 TYPE 150 long, with a load limit of 6 tonnes (13,228 Ib). Next came the rear twin-wheel truck, which on take-off could be suddenly shortened to tilt the aircraft 3° 30' nose-up for a clean liftoff. The large fin was swept at 45°, with a two-part rudder and carrying on top the 45°-swept tailplane and three-part elevators with dihe- dral of 8°. In the tail was a rear gunner with a turret mounting two NR-23 cannon. Under each wing was a forward-swept pylon carry- ing a Lyul'ka AL-5 turbojet rated at 4,600kg (lO.HOlb). A total of 35,875 litres (7,892 Im- perial gallons) of fuel was housed in eight cells along the upper part of the fuselage, and additional tanks could be carried in the bomb bay. On each side of the rear fuselage was a door-type airbrake. Like almost everything else these surfaces were operated electrical- ly, the high-power duplicated DC system in- cluding an emergency drop-out windmill generator. Each flight-control surface was op- erated by a high-speed rotary screwjack. Though flight testing revealed some buffet- ing and vibration, especially at full power at high altitude, the numerous innovations in- troduced on this aircraft worked well. Never- theless, it would have been politically undesirable for what was essentially a Ger- man aircraft to be accepted for production. Thus, hitting the ground short of the runway was convenient. Three views of 150. 224 Dimensions Span 24.1m 79 ft 1 in Length (excluding guns) 26. 74 m 87 ft 8% in Wing area 125m 2 1,346ft 2 Weights Empty 23,064kg 50,84715 Loaded 54 tonnes 119,00015 Performance Maximum speed at sea level, 850 km/h 528 mph at 10 km (32,808 ft) 930 km/h 578 mph Service ceiling about 13km 42,650ft No other data, except that design range (see a5ove) was exceeded. S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R Soviet X-Planes in colour Top.Mikoyan SM-12/1 Centre left: Mikoyan SM-12/3 Centre right: Mikoyan SM-12PMU Bottom: Mikoyan SM-12PM 225 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S Top: Mikoyan Ye-4 with RD-9I engine Centre: Mikoyan Ye-2A Bottom: Mikoyan Ye-5 Photographs on the opposite page: Top: Mikoyan I-3U in late 1956. Bottom: Mikoyan I-7U. 226 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R 227 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S 228 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R 229 Top: Mikoyan Ye-152/A with K-9 missiles. Right and bottom: Two views of the Mikoyan Ye-152P. Photographs on the opposite page: Top and centre: Two views of the Mikoyan Ye-8/2. Bottom: Mikoyan Ye-50/3. S O V I E T X - P L A N E S 230 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R Top and centre: Two views of the MiG-23-01 ('23-01'). Bottom: Mikoyan '105-11' at Monino. Photographs on the opposite page: Top: Mikoyan Ye-152M (Ye-166) record version at Monino. Centre.MiG-211/1 'Analog'. Bottom: MiG-21PD ('23-31'). 231 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S 232 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R Top: One of the Myasischev M-17 prototypes at Monino Above, right and below: Three views of the Myasischev M-55. Opposite page: Three views of the Mikoyan 'I-44'. 233 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S 234 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R 235 Top: Sukhoi T6-1 test-bed at Monino. Centre.Sukhoi T6-1. Bottom: Sukhoi T10-1. Photographs on the opposite page: Top and centre left: Two views of the Myasischev VM-T. Centre left and bottom: Two views of the Sukhoi T-4 ('101'). S O V I E T X - P L A N E S Top: Sukhoi S-22I test-bed. Centre left: Sukhoi T10-3. Centre right: Sukhoi T10-24. Bottom: Sukhoi T10-20 record version at Khodynka. Photographs on the opposite page: Top and centre: Two views of the Sukhoi P-42 record aircraft. Bottom left and right: Two views of the Sukhoi Su-27UB-PS test-bed. 236 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R 237 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S 238 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S I N C O L O U R Three views of the Sukhoi S-37, the lower two taken at the MAKS-99 air show. , Photographs on the opposite page: Top: Sukhoi Su-37 (T10M-11). Bottom: Sukhoi Su-37 'Berkut'. 239 S O V I E T X - P L A N E S Top: Tupolev Tu-155 test-bed at Zhukovskii. Cen/re: YakovlevYak-141 at Khodynka. Bottom: YakovlevYak-141 second prototype. Midland Publishing book titles are carefully edited and designed by an experienced and enthusiastic team of specialists. A catalogue detailing our aviation publishing programme is available upon request from the address on Download 179.26 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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