Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities issn no: 2769-996X

Zien Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities ISSN NO: 2769-996X 
https://zienjournals.com
Date of Publication: 28-11-2022 
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A Bi-Monthly, Peer Reviewed International Journal [157] 
Volume 14 
- the presence of an official choice of behavior when he can solve the question put to him both 
positively and negatively; 
- psychological uncertainty of a citizen when talking with an official; 
- ignorance by a citizen of his rights, as well as the rights and obligations of an official or a person 
performing managerial functions in a commercial or other organization; 
- lack of proper control by management over the behavior of an official. 
There are the following types of corruption: 
one). Depending on the subject of corruption abusing his official position: 
- state corruption (corruption of state officials); 
- commercial corruption (corruption of company managers); 
- political corruption (corruption of politicians). 
2). Depending on the subject of corruption acting as the initiator of corrupt relations: 
- requesting (extortion) of bribes at the initiative of an official; 
- bribery at the initiative of the petitioner. 
3). Depending on the subject of corruption who is the bribe giver: 
- individual bribe (by a citizen); 
- entrepreneurial bribe (from a legal firm); - criminal bribery (on the part of criminal entrepreneurs - 
for example, drug mafia). 
four). Depending on the form of benefit received by the bribe taker from corruption: 
- monetary bribes; 
- exchange of services (patronage, nepotism). 
5). Depending on the degree of centralization of corruption relations: 
- decentralized corruption (each briber acts on his own initiative); 
- centralized corruption "from the bottom up" (bribes regularly collected by lower-ranking officials 
are divided between them and higher-ranking officials); 
- centralized corruption "from top to bottom" (bribes regularly collected by senior officials are