Education System in Uzbekistan

Education and Role of Foreign Languages
The foreign paradigm of education is considered from the standpoint of the cognitive-linguocultural approach in the article. It is specified that modern achievements of foreign language education are connected with the substantiation of the conceptualization of the world by man, the understanding of the language and its role in cognitive processes. It is found out that phenomena of categorization of the cognitive-linguistic and cultural methodology of foreign language education, which allow to use scientific results in a complex scientific object - thinking-language-communication.
The theoretical and practical essence of modern cognitive- linguoculturological methodology of foreign language education is substantiated, which serves as a conceptual platform for the training of teaching staff. This is one of the modern theories of training specialists, which is based on the cognitive-conceptual complex study of language-culture-personality. Approach to the problems of education from the standpoint of modern linguistic science is indicated, taking into account the relationship of language and man to reality through the functioning of language karting of the world of ethnic groups, that allows students to form intercultural communication.
In this regard, the article examines the theoretical origins of foreign language education, analyzes the main works of teachers, psychologists and linguists who formed this scientific branch. It is specified that in the training of specialists of a foreign language specialty it is important to teach students to use the inventory of language tools (in the form of statements and discourses) in order to implement the didactic tasks for carrying out the intercultural communication in various situations.


Education System in Uzbekistan
Immediately after independence, the Government passed the Law on Education in July 1992 to provide the legal basis for the sector and to set off the most urgent reforms needed to adapt the education system to the demands of a transition economy.
The 1992 Law laid down several principles such as: children's right to education and protection; the right of workers to individual leave for training purposes; the financial autonomy of institutions including the possibility to conclude contracts with companies; and the right to establish private schools. In addition, this Law provided for the development of new curricula and textbooks, certification and accreditation of educational institutions as well as the establishment of specializations and types of educational institutions attuned to market needs. Greater emphasis was placed on the Uzbek language, history and literature as well as on foreign languages, business, economics and vocational-technical education. The duration of compulsory and free basic education was reduced from eleven to nine years due to financial constraints.
The impetus of the new Education Law, which was adopted by Parliament in 1997, can be seen in various measures. New kindergartens and educational institutions have been established and experimental programmes for teaching foreign languages, arts and computer science to young children have been started. A new curriculum has been introduced for general basic education schools and new textbooks have been developed. New types of educational institutions have been established based on market requirements, including business schools, banking colleges and academic lyceums. Extra-budgetary means of financing educational institutions have been devised. Specialized foundations have been established for talented students and high-level scientists to study in prestigious universities abroad (UMID Foundation, USTOZ or Teacher Foundation, KAMOLOT or Youth Foundation). A new testing system has been introduced at the national level as a means to monitor the quality of education

Education System in Great Britain

The British system of education is rather complicated and many - staged.
1. The first stage is nursery education which is often seen as the “Cinderella” of the system because there is very little state provision. Parents have to pay.
2. The second stage is primary education which embraces pupils from 5 till 11 years old (5-11 years old; 1-6 forms)
3. Secondary education is divided into Junior High School (12-16; 7-11 forms; O-level exams) and Senior High School (17-18 years old; 12-13 forms A-level exams).
4. From Junior High School students may go to colleges of further education and the sixth form. The sixth form refers to those pupils who are studying beyond the age of 16.
5. From Senior High School students may go to Universities and High Education colleges and get Bachelor’s degree (3-4 years) or to Polytechnics and get Bachelor’s degree (3-4 years) and Master’s Degree (+1 year); or to Universities and get Bachelor’s Degree (3-4 years), Master’s Degree (+1 year) or Doctor of Philosophy (+3 years). This stage is linked with Higher Education which is provided at Universities, polytechnics and other educational institutions of higher and further education.
6. There are public schools where the emphasis is on «character – building» and the development of «team spirit». The public school system involves “boarding schools”. Their aim is to prepare young men to take up positions in the higher ranks of the army, business, the legal profession, the civil service and politics. In Britain today, about 8% of children are educated outside the state system. The best known boarding schools are Eton, Harrow, and Rugby. According to statistics 90% of graduates of public schools enter Oxford, Cambridge. There are 20 A-level schools: 11 for girls, 7 for boys, 2 for boys and girls. When the pupils from boarding schools finish their education, they form the ruling elite, closed group, separate from the rest of the society. Entry into this group is difficult for anybody who has a different education.
Education in the USA
The US education system comprises the finest education facilities and is the most diversely populated study abroad destination with students from almost all over world. It is a dream of the international students from almost all countries in the world, to study in the USA across its public and private institutes. The education system of USA is rich in a variety of programs across a plethora of institutes around the country.
Most of the universities in the USA follow a semester (2 terms) or trimester (3 terms) based admission seasons. As an international student, you must have a degree equivalent to the US degree, translated in English (if not already in English) and evaluated by a recognized agency. Before applying to a US institute, you must consult with an educational advisor to know about the admission requirements and admission process. Furthermore, you must focus on the university-specific and program-specific admission requirements and arrange them accordingly at the earliest.
The cost of studying in USA is dependent on several key factors like type of university, level of study, chosen program, and campus location. You might spend anywhere from 8000 USD (~6 lakh INR) to 55,000 USD (~41.9 lakh) in tuition fees to study in USA. For students unable to bear the burden of huge education expenses, a variety of scholarships to study in USA are available. After accomplishing education in USA, international students secure an average annual salary of 60,000 USD. With experience and leadership quality, one can earn up to 300,000 USD and more in USA.
Majority of the universities in USA offer a Ph.D degree only after completion of a master’s program. Some of the institutes, however, offer admission to the doctoral courses directly after the bachelor’s program. The postgraduate courses span around 3-4 years. For international graduate students, this span ranges around 5-6 years.