Geographic Information Systems (gis) and Remote Sensing (RS) for Environmental Protection Week 2: gis & Geovisualization Exercise
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2.8.b Isarithmic Map Exercise (1)
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) for Environmental Protection Week 2: GIS & Geovisualization Exercise 2.8.2. Creation of an isarithmic map Introduction. Isarithmic maps are appropriate for mapping continuous smooth phenomena. They are used for mapping the surface of a real (e.g., relief) or conceptual (e.g., temperature, precipitation) 3d geographical volume. The surface is the uppermost layer of the 3d geographical volume, either real or conceptual. An isarithmic map is a planimetric graphic representation of the surface of the 3d volume. Isarithmic lines (isarithms or isolines) join points of equal value. This exercise will focus on the creation of an isarithmic map for portraying average temperature for January in Central Asia. Firstly, download data for Central Asia countries administrative areas from http://www.diva- gis.org/gdata . Select country: Kyrgyzstan and subject: administrative areas. Repeat this for Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. These spatial datasets contain the outlines of the countries and administrative subdivisions. Unzip the files in a preferred location. Also download average temperature data for 1970-2000 from WorldClim Version2 ( http://worldclim.org/version2 ). You can download the variables for different spatial resolutions, from 30 seconds (~1 km 2 ) to 10 minutes (~340 km 2 ). Each download is a "zip" file containing 12 GeoTiff (.tif) files, one for each month of the year (January is 1; December is 12). For the example shown below, the data for 2.5 minutes spatial resolution are used. For this exercise we will only use 1 GeoTiff file: the wc2.0_2.5m_tavg_01 containing average temperature for January for 1970-2000. Unzip the file in a preferred location. Open a new Project in QGIS and select form the menu Project “Project Properties”. On the left menu select CRS and tick Enable “on the fly” CRS transformation (OTF), apply and OK. Then from the menu Layer, select Add Layer, Add Raster Layer. Open the file wc2.0_2.5m_tavg_01 containing average temperature for January. In order to add the shapefiles of Central Asian countries select form the top menu Layer, Add Layer, Add Vector Layer. For each Central Asian country select to add the adm0 shapefile which contains the outline of the country. After adding the vector layers for all 5 countries the result will look like the following image. In order to create a new layer that will include the boundary of Central Asia, it is necessary to merge the layers of the 5 countries. From the top menu select Vector, Data Management Tools, Merge vector layers. Click on Layers to merge and select the layers of all 5 countries. Type a name for the merged Layers, e.g., Central Asia and click Run. Now the new layers is added to the layers panel. The merged layer is temporary, so double-click on it and select save as to save a copy of it. Type a name and click OK. In order to clip the raster layer with the Central Asia boundary, select form the top menu Raster, Extraction, Clipper. Type a name for the output file e.g., average_temp_CentralAsia.tif. Select the Clipping mode as Mask layer. Select the Central Asia layer as the Mask layer. Click OK. A message appears that the process is completed and you may observe the result: a new raster layer is added to the layers panel. Unclick the checking boxes next to the other layers so as only the new layer is visible. We will now style this layer in order to create an isarithmic map. Right-click the averagetemp_CentralAsia layer and select Properties. Note the min and max average temperature values. Go to the Style tab. Select Render type as Singleband pseudocolor. In the Generate new color map panel, select Spectral color ramp. This will assign blues to deep areas and reds to shallow areas. Click Classify. Select an appropriate color ramp. Since the average temperature for January ranges between - 33,68 and +4,71°C, a color ramp with cold colors is more appropriate, for example YlGnBu. Click Invert so as the lower temperature are represented with darker blue colors. The isarithmic map of January average temperature is ready. Deliverable: the qgis project created in this Exercise including all layers used/created Download 21.69 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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