I and We foydalnib ruxsat so’rash: (eng afzali could)

MODAL VERBS (XULOSA)

• 
  I and We foydalnib ruxsat so’rash: (eng afzali---COULD)
  

May I/we…(v1) Can I/we…. Would you mind if I/We ….(v2)
Might I/we…. Could I/we… Do you mind if I/We…(v1)

• 
  YOU(II shaxs) dan iltimos qilish:
  

Can you…(v1) Will you... would you mind….(V4)
Could you….. would you…


CAN

• 
  Qila olmoq Can-could (S+ CAN + V1) –umumiy qobilyat
  

Sinonimi—BE ABLE TO DO(V1) ma’lum vaziyatdagi qobilyat
Could--(see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember,understand,believe, convince,persuade)

1. 
   Qonun doirasida taqiqlangan ish harakatlarda…(can’t)-mumkin emas
   
2. 
   Could o’tgan zamonda bo’lishiga qaramasdan 5 o’rinda kelajak ma’nosida ishlatilishi mumkin:
   

1. 
   Could-keljakka taklif
   
2. 
   Could bo’rttirib ko’rsatish
   
3. 
   Could kuchsiz taxmin qilishda
   
4. 
   Could yuqoridagi qoida bo’yicha ruxsat so’rash
   
5. 
   Could yuqoridagi qoida bo’yicha iltimos qilish
   

3. 
   Could have done(v3)-qo’lidan kelardi, lekin qilmadi.. (o’tg. Zam)
   

You were good at swimming. You could have participated in the race.

4. 
   Couldn’t have done(V3)- xohlasa ham qila olmasdi(o’tg. Zam)
   

Ann was ill, she couldn’t have walked with us in the mountain.


MUST

• 
  Must- kerak, lozim. (S+MUST+V1) I must do it
  
• 
  Must-maslahat berish. you must study well
  
• 
  Must-buyruq berish. you must wash the floor.
  
• 
  Mustn’t – Odob jihatdan taqiqlash-mumkin emas
  

HAVE/HAS TO DO(V1)

• 
  Have/has to do- qilishga to’g’ri keldi
  

Have to--plural
Has to--plural(III shaxs birlik un)
So’rog’i –qaysi zamonda ishlatilgan bo’lsa o’sha zamonni ko’makchi fe’li bilan yasaladi.

• 
  HAD TO –O’tgan zamoni
  
• 
  SHALL/WILL HAVE TO DO—kelasi zamoni
  

HAVE/HAS GOT TO DO(V1)

• 
  Yuqoridagi bilan bir xil faqat so’roq va inkori have/has ning o’zi bilan yasaladi.
  
• 
  HAD TO DO –O’tgan zamoni.
  

SHOULD = OUGHT TO DO (kerak)

• 
  Should – maslahat berish …..kerak
  
• 
  Ma’naviy burch jihatidan …. Qilish kerak
  
• 
  I think/ I don’t think/ do you think + S + Should do
  
• 
  Should—vaziyatni o’zimiz xohlagandek bo’lmaganini aytish
  

NEED(ham modal ham oddiy fe’l)

• 
  Need – ehtiyoz jihatidan qilish kerak
  

Need + TO DO don’t need to do doesn’t need to do-qilish shartmas

• 
  Needed—o’tgan zamon shakli --- syn: HAD TO DO
  
• 
  Didn’t Need To Do- qilishga hojati qolmadi (o’tg. Zam.)
  
• 
  NEED+V1---modal ma’nosida(so’rog’i va inkori o’zi bilan yasaladi.)
  
• 
  S+ Needn’t have + done(v3)….qilish shart emas edi.
  

+ doing(v4)…..


B
+ ot(something)
E/GET USED TO
…ga ko’nikib/o’rganib qolish
I was used to my dog
She gets used to playing piano everyday
MAY

• 
  May-mumkin S + MAY + DO (V1)
  
• 
  Syn: be allowed/permitted to do(v1)