II. Complete the sentences with words or expressions from the box

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Lesson 1 Ecology

I. Describe these pictures.

II. Complete the sentences with words or expressions from the box.

"Dobson unit", surface, absorbs, components, wavelength, concentration, were explored, was

discovered, Sun's, stratosphere.

The Ozone Layer

The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region

of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most ofthe 1.

__________ultraviolet radiation.

It contains high concentrations of ozone (O3) in

relation to other parts of the atmosphere,

although still small in relation to other gases in

the stratosphere. The ozone layer contains less

than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the

average ozone

2. _____________ in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is

mainly found in the lower portion of the 3. _____________, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometers (12

to 19 mi) above Earth, although its thickness varies seasonally and geographically.

The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone

(O3). This layer 4. __________ 97-99% of the sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially

damaging to life on earth. Over 90% of ozone in earth's atmosphere is present here "Relatively high"

means a few parts per million—much higher than the concentrations in the lower atmosphere but still

small compared to the main 5. ____________ of the atmosphere. It is mainly located in the lower portion

of the stratosphere from approximately 15 km to 35 km above Earth's surface, though the thickness varies

seasonally and geographically.

The ozone layer 6. _______________ in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson.

Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its 7. ___________ and reaching the

ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body with a temperature in the range of

5,500–6,000 K (5,227 to 5,727 °C), except that there was no radiation below a

LESSON 1 ESP: ECOLOGY

8. _____________ of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum. It was deduced that the missing

radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere. Eventually the spectrum of the missing

radiation was matched to only one known chemical, ozone. Its properties 9. _____________ in detail by

the

British

meteorologist G.

Dobson,

who

developed

simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the

ground. Between 1928 and 1958, Dobson established a worldwide network of ozone monitoring stations,

which continue to operate to this day. The 10. ______________, a convenient measure of the amount of

ozone overhead, is named in his honor.

IV. Vocabulary task. Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right.

1.ozone layer

a. the whole mass of air that surrounds the Earth

2.stratosphere

b. a unit of atmospheric ozone content above a given spot on earth's

surface

3.atmosphere

c.the layer of gases surrounding the earth at a height of between 15 and

50 kilometres thatis

not affected by

the weather and

which

thetemperature increases with height

4.ultraviolet radiation

d. the process of emitting radiant energy in the form of waves or particles

5. radiation

e.the layer of the upper atmosphere where most of the ozone is

concentrated, from about 8 to 30 mi. (12 to 48 km) above the earth.

6.Dobson unit

f. relating to light having wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer

than x-rays.

Climate change – the evidence

The planet’s climate is constantly changing but now scientists believe that the extreme changes taking

place today are a result of human activity. The changes we see today may affect the stability of the

climate on which much life on the planet depends.

The term refers to the role played by the layer of gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous

oxide, which trap the heat from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere. We need the layer to keep in some of

the heat but now the concentration of gases, especially CO2 is increasing and retaining more heat.

Sea levels have risen by 10 – 20 cm. This is due to the expansion of warming oceans. Temperature

records show that the average temperature has increased by about 0.6ºC in the 20th century.

The Kyoto Protocol (1997) commits industrialised countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. It

suffered a huge set back in 2001 when the USA, responsible for a quarter of global emissions, pulledout.

I.Read the text.

II. Match the questions to the answers about climate change.

What is climatechange?

What is the ‘greenhouseeffect?’

What is the evidence of globalwarming?

How will the weatherchange?

What is the international community doing?

III. Vocabulary task. Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right.

1. carbon emissions

a) a large amount of water covering an area of land that is usually dry

2. polar regions

b) a long period of time when there is little or no rain

3. a drought

c) a period of very hot weather

4. a flood

d) fuels, such as gas, coal, and oil,

thatwere formed undergroundfrom plant and animal remains millions

of years ago

5. a heatwave

e) areas of the world around the North and South Poles

6. fossil fuels

f) gases produced by industrial processes

IV. Now, complete the sentences below with the correct words from the exercise.

1. The ____________ started several months ago. All our crops are dying.

2. The was a huge ____________ after a month's rain fell on the town in several hours.

3. There will be a ____________ at the weekend. The temperature will be over 40C.

4. Sea ice is melting very quickly in___________ . Scientists are very worried about this.

5. Some people would like to ban the burning of ____________ , as it causes a lot of pollution.

6. Many countries are trying to reduce their ____________ to help the environment.

V. Table completion. Separate the pictures according to tables.

VII. Quiz. Choose the best answer.

1. Exhaust fumes cause a lot of ________, especially in big cities.

a) recycling b) pollution c) smoke d) acid

2. Everyone should learn to ________ energy. Using lights/lamps only when needed is a good way to do

this.

a) conserve b) recycle c) convert d) converse

3. Nancy is ________ about pollution. This is why she walks to work instead of driving.

a) cornered b) concerned c) learned d) converted

4. ________ is much healthier than driving, and it doesn't pollute the air.

a) Baking b) Running c) Biking d) Walking

5. David conserves water by not letting it ________ when he's not using it.

a) run b) jog c) flow d) pour

6. ________, which is partly caused by exhaust fumes from cars, is a very big problem in many big cities

across the world.

a) Smog b) Smoke c)Acid d) Pollution

7. Oil ________ pollute sea water and kill marine life.

a) spills b) soil c) slicks d) streams

Homework: Write a problem solution essay on the Ozone hole. (150-200 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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