Lecture No 1-2 Topic: Comparative Linguistics: subject matter, types, tasks, approaches


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Lecture 1 Subject matter of Comparative Linguistics



Lecture No 1-2 
 
Topic: Comparative Linguistics: subject matter, types, tasks, approaches 
 
Questions to cover: 
1. Subject matter, aim and tasks of Comparative Linguistics
2. Main problems and directions; different points of views;
3. Terminology used in Comparative Linguistics;
3. Different viewpoints on classification of Comparative Linguistics. 

 Key terms: Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Typology, Substantial and Non - substantial 
comparison, Internal approach and External approach to language description; Panchronical, 
Synchronical, Diachronical approaches to language description 

Text of the lecture 1 

The term “Typology” came from the Greek language in its origin: “typos” means type, “logos” 
means science.
The science about comparison is very ancient. Its historical development is very interesting 
and very disputable at the same time, because different scholars have their own understanding of 
this problem.
First let’s discuss what Comparative Linguistics studies, what is its subject matter, then we’ll 
turn to the historical background of the subject.
Many linguists define subject matter of Comparative Linguistics as a science which studies all 
types of languages in comparison.
There are very many scientific works devoted to investigation of comparison of two or more 
related and non-related languages. The problem is in the used terminology by different linguists 
for this purpose. There are very many viewpoints concerning this problem. For example: 
 comparative linguistics (Денисов В.Н.);
 comparative method (Ярцева В.Н., Реформатский А.А., Баскаков Н.А.);
 linguistic comparison (Барсук Р.Ю.);
 characterology (Рождественский Ю.В., Успенский В.А., Матезиус В.); 
 contrastive linguistics (Никель А., Виноградов В.В., Швейцер А.Д., Юсупов У.К.); 
 
соmparative typology (Буранов Дж.Б., Аракин В.Д., Гак В.Г.); 
 confrontational grammar (Супрун А.Е., Захарова О.В.).
Scientific debate on this problem is in defining the place of Comparative Linguistics. There 
are two positions on this problem. Let’s see them.
The first group of linguists (Санжеев Н.Л., Супрун А.Е., Чантуришвили С.А.) consider 
that Comparative Linguistics belongs to Linguistic Typology.
The second group of linguists (Гухман М.М., Успенский В.А., Рождественский Ю.В.) 
сonsider that Comparative Linguistics is not the part of Linguistic Typology. The reason is that 
Comparative Linguistics reveals with limited number of languages.
In the process of comparison of related and non-related languages closeness of Comparative 
Linguistics and Linguistic Typology is to be observed.
Сomparison of related and non-related languages can be concerned to comparative 
typological investigations or simply to Comparative Linguistics. That’s why Comparative 

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