Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology

Uzbekistan State World Languages University
MA course “ Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology”
Academic year 2022-2023 /3^rd Semester
Final Examination
List of Questions to Students

1. 
   What does Phraseology as a science study?
   

Phraseology is the study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units (often collectively referred to as phrasemes), in which the component parts of the expression take on a meaning more specific than, or otherwise not predictable from, the sum of their meanings when used independently.

2. 
   What is a euphemism? Provide both lexical and phraseological examples
   

The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. A euphemism is an appropriate expression used in the place of a phrase or words that may be found inappropriate or offensive. Euphemisms are commonly used in daily language and literature to replace language that some may find displeasing. 
Euphemism examples:

• 
  “Passed away” instead of “died”
  
• 
  “Let go” instead of “fired”
  
• 
  “Make love” instead of “sex”
  
• 
  “Put down” instead of “euthanized”
  

Phraseological examples:
 to tie a can on meaning-To give one the air; to fire, bounce, dismiss from employment; to expel.
to get on one’s bike-1. idiom UK slang. a rude way of telling someone to go away, 2. If you get on your bike, you make an effort to find work, travelling to different places. 

3. 
   What type of PhUs are called equivalents? Give examples
   

Ph. Equivalents (full and partial) –PhUs with identical semantic, structural and grammatical organization and with identical component composition: Red book(qizil kitob),black list(qora ro’yhat),Milk cow(sog’in sigir).

4. 
   What is a nominative phraseological unit? Provide examples
   

Nominative phraseological units - are represented by stable word groups(naming function in speech), including the ones with one meaningful word, and coordinative phrases of the type “wear and tear”, “well and good”. They are usually called expressives and are represented by substantive, adjectival and adverbial Ph.U.
Eg. A dark horse is actually not a horse but a person about whom no one knows anything definite.