Pre, while and post activities in the reading

Pre, while and post activities in the reading
Pre activities:

1. 
   Guessing the story from the chapter headings and predicting what will happen from the pictures.
   
2. 
   Choosing new and difficult vocabulary from the passage and write them on the board. Then by using them, students should make sentences.
   
3. 
   Making one story in wrong order and students will be demanded to discuss in group and put these sentences in the correct order to read the whole story smoothly.
   
4. 
   Showing unknown pictures related to new theme and to be asked students to predict. for example: what can you see in these photographs?
   

While activities:

1. 
   Asking questions based on text and ask them to predict what will happen next.
   
2. 
   Asking to find information from the paragraphs.
   
3. 
   Discussing previous vocabularies meaning by making sentences to be comprehensive and clearly.
   
4. 
   True/false questions quoting the evidence: read the questions first and then read the text once trying to find the answers(Scanning)
   
5. 
   Grammar games. For example: game “Ball”- the person who has the ball, has to choose and adverb (animal, fruit and any English word), say it aloud and throw the ball to a mate. This process will be continued in this position.
   

Post activities:

1. 
   General questions to summarize the new topic to know students’ intelligence.
   
2. 
   Put a video in the end without subtitles. In the second time watch it with the sentences and it will so easy and effective to grab their attention more and it will be high time to learn new vocabularies and their real pronunciation.
   
3. 
   Propose a debate in class regardless of the previous topic and any heated conversations. The main aim is to create a chance for students to speak, give their opinions, thoughts without hesitation or fear.
   

Activity 1. (pre) Work individually. Find the uncommon vocabularies and try to find new words’ translation by relying on context.
Many Uzbek farmers involved in irrigated agriculture face similar problems that are common to irrigation areas around the world: shortage of water resources, poor management of water, outdated physical assets, high soil and groundwater salinity, lack of effective institutional setup, and imbalance of financial revenues and expenditures. Soon after the independence in 1991, the state could not provide adequate capital to maintain secondary and tertiary water infrastructures. This resulted in l0 yields and subsequently low incomes for farmers. Meanwhile, the distribution of irrigation water became severely unequal, especially for downstream farmers.

Activity 2. (while) Play a game called “Ball” you should play this game in group. If someone retire the game, the person has to sing a song in English or make a funny story.

Activity 3. (while) You should fill the gaps by using words' synonyms below.
Abolish, incorporate, wide-ranging, redirect, unload
The Aral Sea, in Central Asia, has been almost completely 1____________ by irrigation. In 1918, the Soviet government decided that the two rivers that fed the Aral Sea, the Amu Darya and the Sir Darya, would be 2___________to irrigate crops of cotton, melons, and citrus in the deserts of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Canals were poorly built, and much of the water went to waste. Before 3____________agriculture was introduced in the 1940s, the Aral Sea had an area of 68,000 square kilometers (26,255 square miles). Today, the Aral Sea is three separate lakes, with a 4_________________ area of fewer than 17,000 square kilometers (3,861 square miles). The Aral Sea ecosystem has been nearly 5___________

Activity 4. (post) Work in small groups. Read the pieces of topic and make a discussion, think these statements benefits and drawbacks.

Many scientists say that the high percentage of people are preferring to live in big, noisy cities rather than tranquil countryside like villages close to mountain.

Nowadays, more and more young age people are using gadgets and consider them as the useful tools to do their chores.