Present simple fe’l shaklini yasalishi

Present Simple 

                  (Hozirgi noaniq zamon)

1.1       Present simple fe’l shaklini yasalishi

    Birlik (Singular)

1.      I read newspaper every day.

2.      You always watch the same TV programm.

3.      He never drinks coffee. She goes to the hospital every evening. It shines in the morning.

    Ko’plik (Plural)

1.     We run every morning.

2.     You work for this company.

3.     They write letters on Mondays.

Yuqoridagi gaplarda hozirgi oddiy zamon fe’lning hozirgi zamondagi shakli va vaqt ravishlari bilan bilan ifodalangan. Demak:

a) Fe’lning hozirgi zamondagi shakli  - we run, you work, they write;

b) Hozirgi zamonni ko’rsatib keluvchi ravishlar  - every day, every morning, always, on Mondays;

III – shaxs birlikda fe’llarga –s, -es qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi. (he drinks, Anna comes, she lives, Helen goes)

My dad works in Brazil. John fixes his bicycle.

Umumiy so’roq gaplarni yasashda do/does yordamchi fe’llaridan foydalanamiz:

I work in Saudi Arabia – Do I work in Saudi Arabia?

He lives in the French Alps near the Swiss border – Does he live in the French Alps near the Swiss border?

Yordamchi fe’l	Ega	Asosiy fe’l	Boshqa so’zlar
Do	you	like	her new dress?
Does	he	come	here again?
Do	I	go	to school?

Maxsus so’roq gaplarni tuzishda quyidagi tartibga amal qilinadi:

So’roq olmoshlari	Yordamchi fe’l	Ega	Asosiy fe’l	Boshqa so’zlar
What	do	you	do	every morning?
Where	does	he	go	on Mondays?
How	do	they	get	to school?
When	does	Ann	finish	his work?
Why	does	my brother	come	here?
what language	do	you	speak?

Inkor gaplar do not (don’t), does not (doesn’t) so’zlari yordamida yasaladi:

I don’t want to be a chempion!

Edward doesn’t want to read this book, because it is not interesting.

We don’t reply him.

My dad and I don’t like dancing.

His dog doesn’t understand his instructions.

To be fe’lini hozirgi zamonda uch ko’rinishi mavjud. Ularga: am/is/are lar kiradi.

They are talkative boys.

I am a student and I don’t want to miss my everyday lectures.

He is afraid of spiders.

To have fe’li hozirgi zamon III-shaxs birlikda has ga aylanadi.

She has teaching abilities.

1.2       Present Simple zamonini qo’llanilishi

a)     doimiy, bir xil vaziyatni ko’rsatmoqchi bo’lsak: 

What do animals eat?

My elder brother works for Duggan and Company.

I enjoy my own company.

b)    harakatni takrorlanib turishini ko’rsatmoqchi bo’lsak:

They cheat each other every day.

I always buy a new pack of cards for my boss.

Sometimes we take food with us and sometimes we buy food when we're there.

c)     kelasi zamonni anglatib keladigan, lekin hozirgi oddiy zamon fe’l shaklini oladigan jadval ko’rinishidagi ma’lumotlar:

My train arrives at 11:00.

Our English course starts on Friday.

George starts his job tomorrow.

d)    tabiat hodisalari haqida gapirmoqchi bo’lsak:

The Earth goes round the Sun.

Near the equator, the sun evaporates greater quantities of water.

A molecule of water has two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen.

A chemical reaction occurs in the fuel cell.

e)     kitoblarga, kinolarga va spektakllarga taqrizlar yozsak:

In the movie, he plays a concerned and sensitive father trying to bring up two teenage children on his own.

The first chapter describes the strange sequence of events that lead to his death.

f)      sport o’yinlari sharhlovchilari o’yin mahali yuz berayotgan harakatlarni hozirgi oddiy zamonda sharhlaydilar:

Glennon turns, shoots, scores!

g)     ergash gaplar fe’l zamonini present simple bilan ifodalaymiz:

When I go shopping, I will buy some food.

If he comes, we can begin diving.

h)    I-shaxsdagi Performative (tasvirlanayotgan harakatni bir vaqtning o’zida bajarish)fe’llari har doim present simple da keladi:

This, I admit, was my favourite activity.

Masalan, ‘I run – Men yuguraman’ gapida harakatning nomi aytilayapti, lekin o’zi suhbat vaqtida bajarilmayapti. “I promise, I won’t tell him – Men va’da beraman, unga churq etmayman” gapida esa ‘promise’ fe’li tasvirlab kelayotgan ish harakat bevosita bajarilmoqda.

Performative fe’llarga quyidagi fe’llar kiradi:

I acknowledge -  Men tan olaman,…

I advise – Men maslahat beraman,…

I beg – Men yolvoraman,…

I confess – Men tan olaman,…

I congratulate – Men tabriklayman,…

I declare – Men e’lon qilaman,…

I deny – Men inkor etaman,…

I forbid – Men man qilaman,…

I guarantee – Men kafolat beraman,…

I name – Men tayinlayman,…

I order – Men buyuraman,…

I promise – Men va’da beraman,…

I refuse – Men rad etaman,…

I request – Men talab qilaman,…

I thank – Men minnatdorchilik bildiraman,…

I warn – Men ogohlantiraman,…

i)       ko’rsatma va namoyishlarda:

How do I open this box?  - First you get the key from this box, then you unlock it.

1.3        Vaqt ravishlari hozirgi oddiy zamonda

Hozirgi zamon vaqt ravishlari doimiy haqiqat hisoblangan gaplarning ma’nosini yanada kuchaytirib kelishi yoki kuchsizlantirib kelishi mumkin. 

Normally, I plan one or two days ahead.

The children usually stay with their grandparents for a week in the summer.  Traditionally, the Japanese prefer good quality clothes.

 Boshqa shunga o’xshash ravishlar: always, generally, mainly, normally, often, traditionally, usually.

Takrorlanib keluvchi ish - harakatlarni esa every + day/week/month/term/year, weekly, once every six months, seldom, never, often, sometimes kabi ravishlar bilan ifodalaymiz.

The Browns celebrate it weekly.

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