Task Read each context and identify whether the reference words are anaphoric, cataphoric, or exophoric. Tick an appropriate choice

Worksheet 1

Task 1. Read each context and identify whether the reference words are anaphoric, cataphoric, or exophoric. Tick an appropriate choice.

№	Context with references	Anaphoric	Cataphoric	Exophoric
1.	"Why do we envy him, the bankrupt man?"
2	"After she declared herself 'broken, betrayed, at bay, really low' in another organ yesterday, I'm not sure the Diary should even mention poor Bel Mooney's name."
3	She dropped the glass and it broke into pieces.
4	Too scared to buy before they sell, some homeowners aim for a trade.
5	Fred asked Ginger to pass him the potatoes.
6	"Laws are like sausages; it is better not to see them being made."
7	If she were alive today, [Barbara] Tuchman would surely be preparing to pen fresh furious pages tonight, as the president seeks to rally his faltering domestic popularity with summonses of support."
8	"If a man has talent and can't use it, he's failed.
9	The party was over and that upset everybody.
10	"So I just want to say this to the Congress: An America that buys much more than they sell year in and year out is an America that is facing economic and military disaster.
11	Sue needed the glue and asked me to finish with it.
12	"That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. . . .
13	Susan plays the piano. She likes music.
14	They were the most interesting people. James started his own business when he was only 16 years old. Susan worked for a famous actor as his personal assistant. Luke told the most fascinating stories.

Task 2. The underlined reference words in the paragraph below are either "anaphoric" (referring upward to previously mentioned words), "cataphoric" (referring downward to subsequent words), or "exophoric" (referring to something outside the text). Identify whether the reference words are anaphoric, cataphoric, or exophoric by selecting your choice.

In 1849 a servant girl wrote home to her brother from Port Adelaide, South Australia: "I have accepted a situation at £20 per annum, so you can tell the servants in your neighbourhood not to stay in England for such wages as from £4 to £8 a year, but come here." Letters such as these ¹, which were circulated from kitchen to kitchen and from attic to attic in English homes, were the best recruiting agents² for the colonies³, which were then so desperately in need of young women to serve the pioneers ⁴ who were trying to create a new life for themselves⁵ in their chosen countries. Other girls read about the much better prospects overseas in newspapers and magazines, which also published advertisements giving details of free or assisted passages.

1. 
   These 2) agents 3) the colonies 4) the pioneers 5) themselves
   

A)anaphoric A)anaphoric A)anaphoric A) anaphoric A) anaphoric

B) cataphoric B) cataphoric B) cataphoric B) cataphoric B) cataphoric

C)exophoric C)exophoric C)exophoric C) exophoric C) exophoric