= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

52
53

CHAPTER 1
Noun as a part of speech in English and Ukrainian
languages
1. Noun as a part of speech: general characteristics
The noun is the most numerous lexico-grammatical class of lexemes. It is but natural that it should be divided into subclasses. From the grammatical point of view most important is the division of nouns into countables and uncountables with regard to the category of number and into declinables and indeclinables with regard to the category of case.
All other classifications are semantic rather than grammatical. Thus, in Ukrainian, for example, according to M. Zubkov [7; 159] there are differentiated the following lexico-grammatical classes of nouns in regard to their semantic and morphological characteristics:
1) concrete and abstract nouns (1менники конкретш й
абстрактш: ложка, парк - гмовгрнкть, кохання);

2. 
   names of living beings and lifeless objects (назви jctot i неютот: студент, дочка - техшкум, завод);
   
3. 
   common and proper nouns (власш й загальш назви: Роман, 1рина, Львгв, Канада - дгвчина, хлопецъ, мгсто, держава);
   

4) material nouns (матер!ально-речовиннк фтор, золото,
кисенъ, нафта);
5) collective nouns (зб1рш: ктнота, огудиння, студентство,
листя).
According to В. Khaimovich and В. Rogovskaya [24; 52] while dividing nouns into abstract and concrete ones, we usually take into consideration not the properties of words but the properties of the things they denote. The abstract noun smile does not differ from the concrete noun book in its paradigm {smile - smiles, book - books) or its lexico-grammatical combinability (He gave me one of his books (smiles)). Certainly, many abstract nouns (pride, darkness, etc.) are uncountables, but so are many concrete nouns (wool, peasantry, etc.).
The group of collective nouns mentioned in many grammars is grammatically not homogeneous. Some collective nouns are countables (government, family, etc.) others are not in English
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(foliage, peasantry, etc.) If we consider, for example, Ukrainian collective nouns [15; 117] we shall see that unlike English collective nouns they are rather homogeneous since they denote a certain unity of the same or similar objects which are treated as one whole (сукупнють однакових або поддбних предметов, що сприймаються як одне цше). Most often these are names of some living beings, plants, etc. They have distinct grammatical meaning in the way that they do not have the plural form since they denote the unity of an amount of objects that cannot be counted. Ukrainian collective nouns are also characterized by gender and word-changing abilities. They can be easily recognized by suffixes they are typically used with: -СТВО/-ЦТВО (студентство, птаство, козацтво); -н(я) (настня, мурашня); -инн(я)/-овинн(я) (ластовиння, картоплиння); -от(а) (ктнота, парубота); -еч (а) (стареча, малеча), etc.