= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

2. Infinitive in English and Ukrainian languages
The infinitive is a verbid characterized by the following
features:

1. 
   Its dual lexico-grammatical meaning of "action, process partially viewed as a substance". Both in Ukrainian and in English the infinitive names the action or process without expressing their relation to person, number, tense and mood {work, wait, робити, чекати).
   
2. 
   Typical word-building elements of the infinitive differ greatly in both languages.
   

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The English infinitive is characterized by the word-morphcmc "to ". The infinitival "to " is often called a particle, but it is not so. It is a group-morpheme of the infinitive. Its being a word-morpheme distinguishes it from other group-morphemes, such as -ing, -en, etc. Like other word-morphemes, "to" can represent the whole analytical word. Compare the answers to Will you go? 1) Yes, I shall, where shall represents the analytical word shall go. 2) / want to, where to represents the analytical word to go.
Similar to other word-morphemes, "to " can be separated from the rest of analytical word by some other word or words, in this case linguists speak of the split infinitive, e.g.: He willfully appreciate .... They asked him to personally intervene .... Compare also: It is necessary to somehow arrange it. - Треба це якось влаштувати. The importance of this particle is also obvious from the fact that it can replace by itself the infinitive if it has already been used, e.g.: He wants me to go there, but I don't want to. Bin хоче, щоб я niuioe туди, але я не хочу (гти, робити це). In Ukrainian in similar cases the infinitive can be altogether missing [5; 96-98].
The presence or absence of this word-morpheme depends on the context of the infinitive in speech, thus the infinitive is used without its word-morpheme "to" after some verbs and verbal expressions, namely: a) after modal verbs (except ought, have), b) verbs of physical perceptions - to see, to hear, to observe, to perceive, to watch, c) to make, to let, d) had better, would rather, etc. [24; 189].
In Ukrainian the infinitive is characterized by the following typical stem-building morphemes: suffixes -mu (-тъ) (плакаты, робитъ), -ну, -ува (-юва), -а, -и, -i (г) + -ти (стукнуты, мандруваты, гостюваты, чытати, бачиты, умШы).
A very peculiar phenomenon of the Ukrainian language are the forms of the infinitive with the diminutive meaning (значения пестливосп), formed with the help of suffixes, common also for nouns, for example: and спатонькы, Чстонъки, пытоньки, cnamyci others: ютонькы не ш, i пытоньки не п'ю та выглядаю все Зозуленьку мою (С. Пшбов) [5; 97].
3. The grammatical categories of voice, aspect (see a paradigm below) in English.
The Paradigm of the English Infinitive

Aspect	Voice
	Active	Passive
non-perfect, non-continuous	to write	to be written
non-perfect, continuous	to be writing	~
perfect, non-continuous	to have written	to have been written
perfect, continuous	to have been writing

There are no passive forms of the English infinitive of the continuous aspect. Each of six forms of the infinitive is as if the generalizing forms on the basis of which the corresponding personal aspect-tense forms are built.
The paradigm of the Ukrainian infinitive is characterized by the general verb categories of transitiveness - intransitiveness, aspect and voice (стояти - статы, укрываты - укрыты, умывати - умива-тися, побороты - поборотыся, будуваты — буты збудованим, напысаты - бути напысаным) [15; 170-171].
The peculiarity of the English infinitive is the fact that it has the category of tense. The tense is expressed by this not absolutely but relatively. The tense of the infinitive is not independent; it is subordinated to the tense meaning of the finite verb form, performing the function of the predicate in the sentence. Thus the forms of the infinitive of the common and continuous aspects can render the action simultaneous with the action of the verb-predicate, e.g.: / am glad to see (to be speaking to him). Я радый, що бону його (що говорю з ним). The perfect form of the infinitive points towards the fact that the action denoted by it is prior to the action expressed by the verb-predicate, e.g.: / am glad to have seen him. Я радый, що побачив його (побачився з ним). The perfect continuous form of the infinitive underlines the duration of the action, which began earlier than the action expressed by the predicate and continued up to the moment of speaking.

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From this whole system of forms only two forms of the active and passive state of the common aspect have their correspondences in Ukrainian: to ask - numamu, to be asked - бути запитаним. Other forms of the infinitive do not have their correspondences in Ukrainian and are mainly rendered with the help of subordinate sentences. By this the infinitive of the passive state is rarely used in Ukrainian and is mainly substituted by the subordinate sentence, compare: They want to be invited there. Вони хочуть, щоб ix туди запросили (i бути запрошеними туди).
The aspect and voice meanings of the infinitive are the same as inmefinites[5;97-98].
4. Its peculiar combinability resembling that of the verb, and