= 161. 2*362 (075. 8) К211 ббк [81. 2-2 Англ + 81. 2-2 Укр] я 73

Ukrainian flienpuKMeTHHic/participle. Since the Ukrainian participle bears the meaning of two parts of speech - the verb and the attribute, it has some categories of the verbal character and other categories of the attributive character.
Each participle belongs to the same aspect as the verb from which it is created. Correspondingly the tense form is built: participles formed from the verbs of the imperfective aspect have the tense forms of the past and the present tense, and participles formed from the verbs of the perfective aspect have only the forms of the past tense.
Ukrainian participles have also the category of state. Active participles render the characteristic feature caused by its carrier himself, that is the feature, which is directly bound with the modified
object or is caused by the activity of its carrier, e.g.: сяюче обличчя, працюючий робтник, nocueine волосся. They can have the meaning of the present tense of the imperfective aspect (зростаючий, пануючий, виконуючий) or the meaning of the past tense of the perfective aspect (пожовклий, навислий, зблгдлий).
In modern Ukrainian active participles of the present tense with suffixes -уч- (-ЮЧ-) and -ач- (-яч-): ростучий, виконуючий, правля-чий are used rather rarely, at this according to their meaning they are close to normal adjectives of the type лежачий, сидячий. In corresponding cases more often the attributive construction of the type: той, що (який, хто) росте (виконуе, править) is used. In English these participles as well as the attributive construction have as their correspondences the Participle I of the active state {growing, fulfilling, ruling).
Active participles of the past tense of the perfective aspect are formed with the help of the suffix -л-: осиротыий, згтлтий, скам'яшлий, помертвыий, схудлий, пожовклий. They are formed only from prefixal intransitive verbs, which render the state, and have the limited sphere of usage. Instead of them as well as with non-prefixal intransitive and transitive verbs the attributive verbal constructions of the type той, що схуднув (який) схуд/писав, розбив) are more often used. In English the mentioned participles and constructions are rendered by the descriptive constructions of the type: who became thin, who wrote (was writing, has written).
Passive participles of the present tense are not formed in modern Ukrainian. In their meaning the reconsidered forms of passive participles of the past tense, formed from transitive verbs of the imperfective aspect, are used very often: обговорюване питания, вживаний зас1б and others. Here the participle of the past tense begins to acquire the meaning of the present tense, e.g.: the phrase вживаний ними заЫб, which earlier has the meaning "зас1б, який вони вживали", is now used with the meaning "зас1б, який вони зараз вживаютъ ". In parallel the verbal descriptive constructions are widely used: який (що його) обговорюютъ (вживаютъ).
Passive participles of the past tense are formed with the help of suffixes -m-, -н-, -ен-, (-ей-) from the verbs of the perfective aspect: написаний, згаданий, вжитий.

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In English Ukrainian participles of the present tense have as their correspondences: a) Participle I of the passive state - if the action is happening at the given moment of speaking (being discussed, being used); b) Participle II - if the common or the repeated action is rendered {discussed, used). Passive participles of the past tense have as their correspondence Participle II (written, mentioned, used).
Expressing similarly to adjective the characteristic feature of some object, Ukrainian participle is declined according to genders, numbers and cases. All participles are declined in the same way as normal adjectives of the hard group [5; 100-102].
Following is the contrastive analysis of participles' main features in English and Ukrainian languages. So, the participle is a verbid characterized by the following properties:
1. The dual lexico-grammatical meaning of "qualifying action".
2. Typical stem-building elements. Special suffixes: -ing
(Participle I), -ed, -t, -en (Participle II) in English. Participle II is
sometimes characterized by an internal inflexion (written) or by a zero
suffix (put). Suffixes -ач (яч), -уч (-юч) for active participles and -н,
-ен (-ен), -т for passive participles in Ukrainian.
3. The grammatical category of voice (see a paradigm below) in
English.
The Paradigm of Participle